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A Religious Justification for Man’s Inhumanity to Man

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Out of love for man, God created humans with free will so that they could either freely reciprocate their Creator’s love or choose their own path, away from God—the source of life. And man made a tragic choice. Since the first humans chose to live on their own terms without God, God was no longer at the center of human life; instead, it was human ego. We know that from that moment, humanity has used its free will in astonishing and horrifying ways, defiling the earth with continual, creative evil.

The Evolution of Iniquity and the Beginnings of Tyranny

“Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.” Genesis 6:5. The evil that resides in the human heart is most clearly manifested at the dawn of human history in the sons of rebellion: Cain, Lamech, and Nimrod—the first tyrants of humanity and builders of great civilizations. The state of humanity after the fall into sin can also be described using the philosophical concept of the state of nature, which is a “state of war,” espoused by Thomas Hobbes, a 17th century English philosopher. This is because the consequence of the idea of “I” is the “state of war”, which occurs because beyond the “I” there is also the “not-I.” According to Hobbes, the state of nature is a war of every man against every man, which directly results from the fact that every person is inherently selfish.

The Recreation of Man

Human nature is sinful, which means that we are born separated from God, inclining more towards evil than good. This does not mean that fallen, sinful human nature is incapable of doing good. However, even in the midst of committing a noble act, it remains a fallen and highly imperfect nature. Therefore, the only chance for a person to overcome their old nature is a solution beyond human capability. Salvation for humanity exists solely in the person of Jesus Christ. Only in God can man find true hope. Jesus Christ, who created man in Eden, can do it again. Salvation means the recreation of man. Only in Christ can we receive a new nature as children of God. The universal message of Jesus to humanity is: “You must be born again.” John 3:7

The Gospel and a Better World

The issue of the depravity of fallen human nature and the possibility of overcoming this condition should be understood in the context of salvation. If we were to believe in the earthly order that the condition of human nature is in a hopeless state and that man will always choose evil, we would be mistaken. It would mean reconciling ourselves to the evil of this world, passivity, and surrender. Therefore, being called by Jesus Christ to preach the gospel, we are also always morally obligated to not agree with the existing social injustice but to strive for the transformation of the world into a more just one.

The System of Enslavement

I believe that when addressing various forms of human oppression, one must start from the most general assumptions. This makes it easier for us to recognize the uncomfortable truth about our human condition. For the purpose of this article, which deals with one of the most challenging topics I’ve encountered, I will adopt the thesis that the human “self” believes it is superior to others because of possession. “I” am better than others because “I” possess power, fame, influence, money, wealth, education, and the like. Therefore, the more power and capital the ego possesses, the more privileged it feels. The problem is that access to power and capital is limited, which means that my “self” can possess more only at the expense of another “self.” This particular characteristic of human nature seems to be the psychological basis of all systems of exploitation and inequality among people. I do not deny the right to property, to personal possession. After all, the right to property is the foundation and guarantee of civil independence. Nevertheless, in a psychological context, it is possession that establishes and shapes the ego. This is an immutable law of human nature. At the same time, man does not have to be a hostage to this law, but through God’s grace, can submit his ego to a higher law, which states: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Matthew 22:39. Therefore, the unassailable limit of the “self’s” exercise of the right to property is human harm and exploitation.

The Satanic System of Slavery

Satan is the father of lies, murder, and slavery. He became the first tyrant inspiring fallen humanity to all manner of lawlessness and wickedness. Slavery is morally the most abhorrent crime of humanity, as it deprives one human being of their humanity and their dignity as a person created in the image and likeness of God. If a person is dehumanized and reduced to an object, the owner can do as they please with their property and face no consequences within such a social system. If we understand what fallen human nature is, it is obvious that the phenomenon of slavery reaches back to the beginnings of fallen humanity. Notice that Satan—who rebelled against the rule of God and desired to be equal with the Most High (Isaiah 14:13, 14)—rules over his subjects as the worst of tyrants, offering his followers only eternal slavery.

The World of the Bible

The world of the Bible is not our world; the oldest books of the Bible are about 3,400 years old, and the New Testament books are about 1,900 years old. It is a gap we must reckon with. The world in which the Bible was written was tyrannical and inhumane. In biblical times, slavery was a widespread phenomenon. It was an integral part of the culture, and people accepted it as a normal aspect of society. Slavery was not considered a moral evil. From our perspective, it is very difficult to comprehend. As I wrote this article, I kept asking myself why the authors of the Bible did not call for the abolition of slavery. But as I continued to delve into this topic, I came to the realization that my approach must be flawed. So where does the error lie? The mistake lies in taking the words of the Bible literally, without considering the historical and cultural context. Not everything the Bible says about social issues is universally true, timeless, and unchanging. However, everything the Bible says about faith and salvation is universally true, timeless, and unchanging. We must keep in mind that the biblical truth about social issues is a truth of the time in which it was written. The Bible, in its fragments concerning the issue of slavery, indeed does not condemn slavery, but at the same time, it does not mean that the Bible supports slavery or declares it a moral good. The Bible simply regulates the issue of slavery in the times when slavery was prevalent. Primarily, this is because for centuries the Christian church did not question the political system of the Roman Empire or the social structure and institutions of that time.

Transformation versus Revolution

The change in social conditions was not supposed to occur through revolution. The reason is the example of Jesus Christ, whose kingdom is not of this world. The kingdom of God, which Jesus preached, is like yeast (Matthew 13:33), which internally transforms earthly reality without the use of violence. The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed, initially small and unassuming, but eventually revealing its power and magnificence (Matthew 13:31, 32). At the same time, it is not hard to understand, throughout history, examples such as the Donatists in the 4th century AD, who liberated slaves, canceled debts of the poor, and administered justice; the Waldensians in the Pyrenees or the Hussites in the territory of the present Czech Republic, who defended themselves with swords against crusades organized by the papacy; the French Huguenots or the Reformed Evangelicals in the Netherlands fighting against the tyranny of Catholic rulers; or abolitionists who took up arms. In general, the history of Christianity provides countless examples of fighting for social justice and defending faith and life in accordance with one’s conscience.

The Letter and the Spirit

Primitive readings of the Bible, solely based on a literal interpretation, lead to the preservation and cementation of oppressive social structures. Regarding slavery and, for example, the subordination of women, the truth is that the Bible upholds both of these oppressive structures at a literal level. However, at a higher level, which is the level of the Spirit rather than the letter, the level of principles rather than rules, the Bible criticizes both of these oppressive social structures. In the Holy Scriptures, there are great principles, the highest and brightest revealed truths and principles, which go beyond the advice given to specific people in specific times on specific social matters. All human beings are created in the image and likeness of God and therefore are worthy of equal respect, and all human beings share in the divine mandate to exercise authority over the earth created by God (Genesis 1:28). All human beings are loved by God (John 3:16). Ultimately, the greatest commandment regulating the relationship between one human being and another is: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Matthew 22:39. These great principles of the kingdom of God completely negate any possibility of justifying slavery or claiming that as human beings—Christians—we are only equal in spiritual matters, not in earthly ones. Unfortunately, it is possible to focus so much on the letter of Scripture throughout one’s life that one completely overlooks the spirit of Scripture.

The Catholic position

If we assume that the Christian church could do nothing about slavery in its early centuries, from the time of the Edict of Theodosius making Catholicism the official religion of the Roman Empire onward, that is not entirely true. During the reign of medieval popes, the institution of slavery was not overturned. There were some changes towards humanitarianism, but in principle, the institution of slavery was not threatened. Only the classical Roman view of a slave as a speaking tool was rejected. Unlike the Romans, a slave owner could not simply kill or starve them. In the Roman Catholic Church, “practically until the 20th century, the doctrine was preached that slavery was in accordance with natural law and divine law. Therefore, the Roman Catholic Church defended the institution of slavery to the very end, even after the victory of abolitionism. Indeed, popes such as Eugenius IV, Pius II, Sixtus IV, Gregor XIV, and Urban VIII condemned the unworthy treatment of slaves, cruelty, or abuses against them, but they never condemned slavery itself.”

The Protestant Position

How did John Calvin, whose theology was embraced in countries like the Netherlands and influenced the Anglican Church, react to the issue of slavery? Calvin fundamentally viewed slavery negatively because he believed it was contrary to the created order, but he accepted regulations regarding slavery in the Bible. Calvin stated that the image of God present in every person does not in any way justify slavery. Importantly, Calvin spoke about slavery more in the context of the declining serfdom in Western European countries than the system of slavery practiced by the Spaniards and Portuguese in Africa and the newly discovered American continent. The Synod of Dordrecht, which took place in 1618 in the Netherlands, was one of the most important events for Reformed evangelicalism. It also deliberated on the issue of slavery. Ultimately, it neither endorsed nor prohibited slavery. However, the synod’s resolutions recommended that baptized slaves be freed. Nevertheless, actual practice varied. Unfortunately, it is true that Catholics and part of the Protestants have committed injustices and atrocities against their fellow human beings by enslaving the inhabitants of Africa and America. Confirmation of this is the approximately 350-year history of slavery practiced between certain European countries, Africa, and America.

The Age of Discovery

The new and even more tragic chapter in the history of slavery was opened by the far-reaching maritime expeditions of Europeans. This was the era of the conquest of the New World and the resulting prosperity for selected European maritime powers. At whose expense? At the expense of slave labor, suffering, blood, tears, and the deaths of millions of enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples, women, children, and men. Starting from the 16th century and lasting until the 19th century, for about 350 years, over 11 million slaves were transported to America—formerly inhabitants of Africa, of whom approximately 9.6 million survived the journey. How is it possible that such a crime against humanity was committed in the history of mankind? How could Western nations, calling themselves Christians, perpetrate such atrocities, completely contradicting the principles of the gospel? What ideology could lie at the root of this crime? It is the utterly depraved nature of humanity, driven mad by greed and the desire to possess more and more. Racism is a symptom of the sickness of humanity. Greed came first. To justify the enslavement of some people by others, a demonic belief is necessary that people are not equal by nature in terms of their rights. Then it is only necessary to formalize such an attitude in a written doctrine. Who can write such a doctrine that will become binding law? The power that combines religious and political authority is best suited for this—the papacy.

Doctrine of Discovery

According to Catholic defenders of the Roman Catholic Church, the brutal violence, extreme exploitation, rapes, and cruelty accompanying the modern history of slavery do not burden the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, but only those who committed these sins. The attitude of Catholic defenders regarding the issue of slavery is, in reality, a distortion of history. The Doctrine of Discovery was presented in a series of papal declarations at the end of the 15th century, at the beginning of the Age of Exploration. These declarations, referred to by the papacy as “bulls,” provided European maritime powers with a religious, moral, political, and legal mandate to conquer non-Christian countries, peoples, and sovereign nations. The Doctrine of Discovery also allowed for the enslavement or extermination of conquered populations. Historically, it is supported by three bulls—Dum Diversas (1452), Romanus Pontifex (1455), and Inter Caetera (1493)—in which popes allowed Catholic rulers to take pagans into “perpetual slavery.” When we delve into these papal documents and understand that during those times the Roman Catholic Church was an undisputed religious and political power that kings and emperors of Europe had to reckon with, and then compare it to how the maritime powers of Europe implemented these papal documents, one conclusion becomes apparent: the papal Doctrine of Discovery contained in these three documents is the religious-political basis of all the harm inflicted upon millions of indigenous inhabitants of Africa and America. These papal documents provided religious justification for genocidal, racist actions. Indigenous peoples could be enslaved and murdered not only because of their ethnic origin but primarily because they did not know Christ. It is astonishing that the Doctrine of Discovery was invoked by both Catholic and Protestant European nations as well as the United States to justify their imperial policies. For instance, in the historically Protestant country like the U.S., the landmark 1823 Supreme Court decision Johnson v. McIntosh was justified based on, believe it or not, a document over 300 years old—the Inter Caetera papal bull.

Consequences

The consequences of the papal documents from the 15th century include the suffering and ultimately the death of millions of slaves working for their white masters over the approximately 350 years of slavery, the extermination of indigenous populations in both Americas, the cultural genocide of Native Americans, racial segregation in the U.S. and South Africa, racist housing policies in the U.S., deep economic inequalities, as well as the crimes of church-run residential schools in Canada. They also include symbolic political gestures masking the lack of real compensatory actions by the governments of the U.S. or Canada, and above all, the stigma of colonial-racist mentality in parts of Western societies. These consequences are visible in post-colonial and post-slavery societies to this day.

The Abolition of Slavery

Our world looked vastly different just 200 years ago. It was a world where the majority of people lived in systems of enslavement. They couldn’t choose where or how they wanted to live. They mainly worked in agriculture. No one paid them for twelve hours of work. If they didn’t meet their daily quota, they were beaten. They died young. They were part of a global economy based on forced labor. At the beginning of the 19th century, over three-quarters of humanity lived in various forms of slavery and servitude. In this context, it is astounding how quickly the end of slavery came. By the end of the 19th century, slavery, at least formally, was banned almost everywhere. Christian abolitionism, which had a distinctly Protestant character, defeated slavery in just 50 years. The victory of freedom over slavery began with twelve devout Protestants who met on May 22, 1787, in London to put an end to the system of slavery. Many radical Protestants joined the greatest civil movement in human history: the movement to abolish the slave trade and destroy the institution of slavery itself. However, that is a different story, perhaps for another article.

Endnotes:

  1. Kaute, Filozofia liberalizmu. Main ideas and their consequences in the modern world, ideology, doctrines and movement of modern liberalism, publishing house UMCS, Lublin 2004, p. 60
  2. biblia.info.pl/blog/jak-spisano-biblie/, accessibility: 05.12.2024
  3. Tomasiewicz, Amfetamina ludu, czyli Trzecie Królestwo, Nowy Obywatel No. 23, p. 86
  4. Giles, The Biblical Argument for Slavery: Can the Bible Mislead? A Case Study in Hermeneutics, Evangelical Quarterly 66/1994, p. 16
  5. Chmielewski, Do Rzeczy, No.16/2024, https://dorzeczy.pl/opinie/574203/chmielewski-kosciol-i-niewolnictwo.html, accessibility: 05.14.2024
  6. Majewski, Rozstania z doktryną, Tygodnik Powszechny, No. 38/2020, www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/rozstania-z-doktryna-164830, accessibility: 05.14.2024
  7. Kayayan, Calvin on Slavery: Providence and Social Ethics in the 16th Century, www.koersjournal.org.za/index.php/koers/article/view/2119/2374, accessibility: 05.15.2024
  8. https://ewangelicy.pl/2019/09/05/badzcie-posluszni-swoim-panom-luteranie-przepraszaja-za-400-lat-niewolnictwa/, accessibility: 15.2024
  9. Eltis, The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment, “William and Mary Quarterly” 2001, Vol. 58, No. 1, in: A. Hochschild, Pogrzebać kajdany, Wołowiec 2016, p. 45
  10. Chmielewski, Do Rzeczy, No.16/2024, https://dorzeczy.pl/opinie/574203/chmielewski-kosciol-i-niewolnictwo.html, accessibility: 05.16.2024
  11. Sporniak, Kościół odcina się od doktryny odkrycia, No. 15/2023, www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/kosciol-odcina-sie-od-doktryny-odkrycia-182959, accessibility: 05.16.2024
  12. Wilkin, Za zbrodnie na rdzennej ludności Kanady odpowiadają zarówno państwo, jak i katolickie oraz protestanckie szkoły, published 13 July 2021, https://klubjagiellonski.pl/2021/07/13/za-zbrodnie-na-rdzennej-ludnosci-kanady-odpowiadaja-zarowno-panstwo-jak-i-katolickie-oraz-protestanckie-szkoly/, accessibility: 05.16.2024
  13. S. Jenkinson, What the Repudiation of the Doctrine of Discovery Means for Indian Country, published 9 April 2023, www.governing.com/context/what-the-repudiation-of-the-doctrine-of-discovery-means-for-indian-country, accessibility: 03.21.2024
  14. Hochschild, Pogrzebać kajdany, Wołowiec 2016, pp. 14, 15

Marcin Watras lives in Katowice, Poland. He is interested in the philosophy of religion and trends in society. He works for the European Union.

Christianity Is More than a Ticket to Heaven

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So many in the Christian world today, including many Seventh-day Adventists, believe that all you have to do is believe in Jesus, belong to a church, pay your tithe to the right place, do a few good deeds and you’ve got your ticket to heaven. But are they right? What is true Christianity?

First, let’s see what it means to be a Christian.

“What is it to be a Christian? It is to be Christlike; it is to do the works of Christ.” Lift Him Up, 341

“A Christian is a Christlike man, a Christlike woman … .” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, 935

“To have a Christlike character it is necessary to act in a Christlike way. …

“… it is essential to persevere in right doing.” Mind, Character and Personality, Vol. 2, 552

It is clear then that being a true Christian requires a character like Christ had. We find that the Bible describes this character in Galatians 5:22, 23. If you are Christlike, you will have love for God and your neighbor, you will be joyful, peaceable, patient, kind, humble, constant, and composed. You will do right because it is right.

1 John 2:6 tells us that if we abide in Him, we “ought also to walk as He walked.”

“Christ has come to be our example, and we are to walk as He walked, and work as He worked, with unselfish purpose, ever keeping the Pattern before us. Weighted with the sense of responsibility, we are to represent Christ to the world. This is our work as Christians; for we are to let our light shine forth to the world in good works. Actions will tell, and therefore how important it is to study the life of Christ to see how He glorified the Father, that we may go and do likewise.” The Youth’s Instructor, December 15, 1892

So if a true Christian is a person whose character is like Christ’s character, then what is true Christianity?

“Theology is valueless unless it is saturated with the love of Christ. True Christianity diffuses love through the whole being. It touches every vital part—the brain, the heart, the helping hands, the feet—enabling men to stand firmly where God requires them to stand, lest the lame be turned out of the way. The burning, consuming love of Christ for perishing souls is the life of the whole system of Christianity.” The Signs of the Times, May 10, 1910

Religion and theology are only good when they display the love of Christ. Many people believe in religion, but while they say they believe in Christ, their characters do not represent Him.

“The Lord expects His followers to reveal, in the transformation of their life and character, the power of the gospel, which converts and sanctifies the soul.” The Review and Herald, March 1, 1898

“The Lord of glory clothed His divinity with humanity, and came to our world to endure self-denial and self-sacrifice, in order that the moral image of God might be restored in man. All the heavenly attributes were in His heart in abundance, and flowed out in an irrepressible stream of good works.” Ibid.
The more Christlike we become, the more we will do the deeds of Christ.

“In Christ’s unwearying efforts is our pattern. Pity for those in need and suffering will be awakened in all who will attempt this self-denying, self-sacrificing work that the Majesty of heaven came to our world to perform. Those who receive Christ by faith will represent His compassion, His goodness, and His love in a world that is marred and seared with the curse. The degree to which these graces exist in the life and character, measures the genuine likeness to God. ‘By their fruits,’ said Christ, ‘ye shall know them.’ This is the true test both in grace and in nature. …

“But who are walking even as He walked? Who are working in Christ’s lines? Who among us have the faith which works by love and purifies the soul? Who are coming into such conformity to God as was represented in the grace of Him who is our pattern? Those who yoke up with Christ will have the mind of Christ. They will garrison the mind so that it shall not become enslaved to the control of a power that will stop at nothing in its earnest zeal to win the victory.” Ibid.

How then do we become more Christlike? Is it just sitting in church, listening to the minister tell us what we should know? Is it just believing in Jesus, but sitting back, not inclined to do the work that He did for a dying world?

“Let it never be forgotten that true Christianity comes through the engraving of Bible principles upon the heart and character. This must be an individual work, visibly expressed.” The Kress Collection, 122

“We can, we can, reveal the likeness of our divine Lord. We can know the science of spiritual life. We can glorify God in our bodies and in our spirits, which are His.” In Heavenly Places, 43

“The worker for God needs spiritual life. This life will give vigor to soul and body. Spiritual life yields to its possessor that which all the world is seeking, but which can never be obtained without an entire surrender to God. The contemplation of Him who loved us and gave Himself for us, will make our lives sweet and fragrant, and give us power to perfect a Christian experience.

“Laborer for God, the work given you is to represent Christ. He came to this world to shed upon you His own brightness and peace. Close the windows of your heart against the atmosphere of unbelief, and open them heavenward. It is your privilege to face the light, to talk faith and life. Let your countenance reflect the joy of the Lord. Speak of His goodness, tell of His power. … You may reflect the beauty of the character of your risen Lord … .” The Signs of the Times, May 10, 1910

“True Christianity is a religion of progress. It is ever giving light and blessing, and has in reserve still greater light and blessing to bestow to those who receive its truths. The illuminating influence of the gospel of Christ, and the sanctifying grace of God, can alone transform the carnal mind to be in harmony with spiritual things.” Sketches from the Life of Paul, 124

“Never rest satisfied until you possess a loving and lovable spirit. Your words may strengthen, help, and bless those around you. True Christianity makes the religious life attractive. Come to Christ, and His gentleness and love will break down the harsh, cold selfishness that prevents you from revealing Him to the world. Your hasty temper will be subdued, your pride expelled. Jesus will fill your heart with His gentleness, His patience, His love. Then you can uplift Him before sinners.” The Review and Herald, January 26, 1911

“In the light shining from the cross, true Christianity appears so pure and lovely that external decorations only hide its true worth. It is the beauty of holiness, a meek and quiet spirit, which is of value with God.” The Spirit of Prophecy, Vol. 4, 383

What is true Christianity?

“Nothing can elevate man, nothing can make him pure and keep him pure but believing in and practicing the truth. He must eat the flesh and drink the blood of the Son of God. This is the lesson all should learn. They should see that to be sanctified means more than to have a theoretical knowledge of the truth. They must have living faith. They must do more than denounce wrongs in others; they must fight it in themselves. They must be whole-souled Christians possessing the earnestness and living energy derived in Christ.” Educational Messenger, March 19, 1909

“Christ is represented as stooping from His throne, bending earthward to send help to every needy soul who asks for it in faith. He is raising up the fallen, bringing hope to the helpless, and placing their feet in sure paths. He gave Himself to a shameful, agonizing death to save the perishing. O, He is able, He is willing, He is longing to save all who will come to Him! As you look upon our Intercessor, let your own heart be broken. Then, softened and subdued, you can address repentant sinners as one who knows the power of redeeming love. Pray with these souls. Get them to look away from themselves to the Saviour, and the victory is won. They behold for themselves the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world. The strong tide of redeeming love pours into the parched, thirsty soul, and the sinner is saved to Christ. As he responds to the drawing of the Saviour, he repents of his sins and confesses them, and pardon is written opposite his name. The Holy Spirit takes of the things of God, and shows them to him. And his heart is filled with a sense of the greatness of God’s love. The grace of Christ expels the selfishness that has hitherto ruled the life. The affections turn to God. The character is transformed. The man is filled with an intense desire to serve Him who has done so much for him.” The Review and Herald, January 26, 1911

“A man lives unto God when he continually recognizes Him as a present Helper. When there is a recognition of the Lord Jesus Christ, there will be a holy fear lest he shall make mistakes. The soul will be drawn out continually in earnest prayer as he realizes his need. As he draws nigh unto God, God will draw nigh unto him; the love of God will be kindled in his heart, and he will be able to speak the words of God. The language of the heart will then be, ‘Whom have I in heaven but Thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside Thee.’ ” Bible Training School, January 1, 1908

Judy Rebarchek is the managing editor of the LandMarks magazine. She may be contacted by email at judyrebarchek@stepstolife.org

Christ in His Sanctuary

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September 22 – 28, 2024

Key Text

“We have such a High Priest, … a Minister of the sanctuary and of the true tabernacle which the Lord erected, and not man.” Hebrews 8:1, 2

Study Help: The Great Controversy, 50–60, 479–491

Introduction

“Christ has made one sufficient sacrifice, and has become the only Mediator and sole Priest between God and man. Let every man stand out of the way, and occupy his own place as wearing Christ’s yoke.” Manuscript Releases, Vol. 9, 184

Sunday

1 CHRIST, A MINISTER OF THE SANCTUARY

1.a. In Old Testament times, what was the purpose of the daily atonement? Leviticus 4:13, 20, 26, 31, 35. Although the sins of the people were forgiven in the daily atonement, what was the purpose of the yearly atonement? Leviticus 16:16, 30, 33

 

Note: “Under the Mosaic system the cleansing of the sanctuary, or the great Day of Atonement, occurred on the tenth day of the seventh Jewish month (Leviticus 16:29–34), when the high priest, having made an atonement for all Israel, and thus removed their sins from the sanctuary, came forth and blessed the people.” The Great Controversy, 400

1.b. When the sins accumulated in the sanctuary were removed and put on the head of the live goat (who was sent away “unto a land not inhabited” “by the hand of a fit man” Leviticus 16:21, 22), what did this man have to do before entering the camp? Leviticus 16:26

 

1.c. When could the people know for sure that they were cleansed—exonerated from the sins they had confessed and that had been forgiven in the daily atonement? Leviticus 16:29, 30, 33, 34

 

Monday

2 THE THRONE OF GRACE—WHERE?

2.a. What was done in the earthly sanctuary to “serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things” (Hebrews 8:5)? Therefore, where do we have a High Priest, and what is He doing for us? Hebrews 9:11, 12; 1 John 2:1, 2

 

2.b. Where is the throne of grace to which we are invited to come with our prayers? Hebrews 4:16; Revelation 8:3

 

2.c. When our sins are confessed and forgiven in answer to our daily prayers (1 John 1:9; Matthew 6:12), are they blotted out immediately? If not, where do they go and for what purpose? 1 Timothy 5:24

 

Note: “Some men’s sins are open beforehand, confessed in penitence, and forsaken, and they go beforehand to judgment. Pardon is written over against the names of these men. But other men’s sins follow after, and are not put away by repentance and confession, and these sins will stand registered against them in the books of heaven.” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, 916

“Be ready and anxious to confess your faults and forsake them, that your mistakes and sins may go beforehand to judgment and be blotted out.” Testimonies, Vol. 5, 331

2.d. Concerning our duty to eradicate sin in the church, what warning should we always bear in mind? Matthew 13:27–30

 

Note: “God has precious ones in His church; there are also men and women who are as tares among the wheat. But the Lord does not give you or anyone else the office of saying who are tares and who are wheat. We may see and condemn the faults of others, while we have greater faults which we have never realized, but which are distinctly seen by others.” Testimonies, Vol. 5, 333, 334

Tuesday

3 OUR ONLY MEDIATOR

3.a. What was taught to God’s people from the beginning of the world? Hebrews 9:22 last part; John 1:29; Revelation 13:8

 

Note: “There is only one channel and that is accessible to all, and through that channel a rich and abundant forgiveness awaits the penitent, contrite soul and the darkest sins are forgiven.

“These lessons were taught to the chosen people of God thousands of years ago, and repeated in various symbols and figures, that the work of truth might be riveted in every heart, that without the shedding of blood there is no remission of sins. The great lesson embodied in the sacrifice of every bleeding victim, impressed in every ceremony, inculcated by God Himself, was that through the blood of Christ alone is forgiveness of sins.” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, 913

3.b. Who is our only Mediator and Saviour, and how did He obtain our redemption? John 14:6; 1 Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 9:12

 

3.c. Since access to Him has been opened in the sanctuary, what are we advised to do? Hebrews 10:19–22. Where are God’s people worshiping by faith in the time of the end—and what do they see? Revelation 11:1, 19

 

3.d. What else do they see by faith? Daniel 7:9, 10. What do they understand? Revelation 14:7; Acts 3:19

 

Note: “The work of the investigative judgment and the blotting out of sins is to be accomplished before the second advent of the Lord. Since the dead are to be judged out of the things written in the books, it is impossible that the sins of men should be blotted out until after the judgment at which their cases are to be investigated. But the apostle Peter distinctly states that the sins of believers will be blotted out ‘when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ.’ Acts 3:19, 20. When the investigative judgment closes, Christ will come, and His reward will be with Him to give to every man as his work shall be.” The Great Controversy, 485

Wednesday

4 IN THE END OF THE WORLD

4.a. When the work of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary is understood, what deception clearly stands out? Daniel 8:13

 

Note: “The so-called intercession of the saints is the greatest falsehood that can be invented. Priests and rulers have no right to interpose between Christ and the souls for whom He has died, as though invested with the Saviour’s attributes, and able to pardon transgression and sin.” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, 913

“The church’s claim to the right to pardon leads the Romanist to feel at liberty to sin; and the ordinance of confession, without which her pardon is not granted, tends also to give license to evil.” The Great Controversy, 567

4.b. How can we become “complete” in Christ? Colossians 2:10; 4:12

 

Note: “Through His [Christ’s] sacrifice, human beings may reach the high ideal set before them, and hear at last the words, ‘Ye are complete in Him,’ not having your own righteousness, but the righteousness that He wrought out for you.” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Vol. 7, 907

4.c. How does Paul refer to the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary at “the end of the world,” just before Christ’s return? Hebrews 9:23–28

 

Note: “In the typical service the high priest, having made the atonement for Israel, came forth and blessed the congregation. So Christ, at the close of His work as mediator, will appear, ‘without sin unto salvation’ (Hebrews 9:28), to bless His waiting people with eternal life. As the priest, in removing the sins from the sanctuary, confessed them upon the head of the scapegoat, so Christ will place all these sins upon Satan, the originator and instigator of sin. The scapegoat, bearing the sins of Israel, was sent away ‘unto a land not inhabited’ (Leviticus 16:22); so Satan, bearing the guilt of all the sins which he has caused God’s people to commit, will be for a thousand years confined to the earth, which will then be desolate, without inhabitant, and he will at last suffer the full penalty of sin in the fires that shall destroy all the wicked.” The Great Controversy, 485, 486

Thursday

5 VICTORY STILL POSSIBLE!

5.a. In view of the shortness of time remaining for our sins to be blotted out, what should be our most urgent priority? 2 Corinthians 4:5–7; 6:2; Philippians 2:5

 

Note: “Satan triumphs when he hears the professed follower of Christ offering excuses for his defects of character. Sin unrepented of, unconfessed, can never be blotted from the books of God’s record. Through faithful, thorough confession of sin, the heart is cleansed from its moral impurity. There must be a forsaking of the sins the Lord has reproved before the soul can stand acquitted before God. …

“It is Satan’s work to tempt; it is man’s work to resist, and, in the name and strength of Jesus, to say, ‘It is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.’ ” The Signs of the Times, December 13, 1899

“Life, with its marvelous privileges and opportunities, will soon be ended. The time for improvement in character will be past. Unless our sins are now repented of, and blotted out by the blood of the Lamb, they will stand in the ledger of heaven to confront us in the coming day. Then let us earnestly examine ourselves in the light of God’s word, seeking to discover every defect of character, that we may wash our robes and make them white in the blood of the Lamb.” The Review and Herald, April 21, 1910

Friday

PERSONAL REVIEW QUESTIONS

1          Explain the difference between the daily and the yearly atonements.

2          What way was opened before us by the death of Christ? For what purpose, and how, do we enter the heavenly sanctuary?

3          After our sins have been confessed and pardoned, day by day, where do they go before they can be blotted out?

4          On the basis of Hebrews 9:23–28, explain the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary in the time of the end, before Christ’s return.

5          What opportunity, which is still available to us, will soon pass away?

Copyright 2010, Reformation Herald Publishing Association, 5240 Hollins Road, Roanoke, Virginia 24019-5048, U.S.A.

The First Part of Daniel’s Vision Explained

by

September 15 – 21, 2024

The First Part of Daniel’s Vision Explained

Key Text

“I have come to tell you, for you are greatly beloved; therefore consider the matter, and understand the vision.” Daniel 9:23, last part

Study Help: The Great Controversy, 324–328

Introduction

“There was one important point in the vision of chapter 8 which had been left unexplained, namely, that relating to time—the period of the 2,300 days; therefore the angel, in resuming his explanation, dwells chiefly upon the subject of time.” The Great Controversy, 325

Sunday

1 DANIEL TRIES TO UNDERSTAND THE VISION

1.a. What happened to Daniel before the angel Gabriel could finish explaining the 2,300 prophetic days in connection with the little horn causing desolation and treading the sanctuary underfoot? Daniel 8:25–27

 

1.b. After the departure of Gabriel, what was Daniel’s great concern? What answer was he trying to find in the prophetic writings of Jeremiah? What was the burden of his prayers? Daniel 9:2, 17–19

 

1.c. What was Daniel’s attitude in approaching the Almighty with his supplication? Daniel 9:3–11

 

Note: “Come now, while mercy lingers; come with confession, come with contrition of soul, and God will abundantly pardon. …

“Wait in deep humiliation before God. From this hour resolve to be the Lord’s, doing your whole duty, trusting implicitly in the great atonement. Do this and you will have nothing to fear.” Testimonies, Vol. 5, 353

Monday

2 GABRIEL RETURNS TO EXPLAIN THE VISION

2.a. How did God respond to Daniel’s prayer of contrition? Daniel 9:20, 21

 

2.b. Since Gabriel explained only part of the vision (Daniel 8:11–14, 25, 26), for what purpose did he return? Daniel 9:22, 23

 

Note: “The angel had been sent to Daniel for the express purpose of explaining to him the point which he had failed to understand in the vision of the eighth chapter, the statement relative to time—‘unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.’ ”
The Great Controversy, 326

2.c. How did Gabriel explain the first part of the 2,300 prophetic days? Daniel 9:24

 

Note: “After bidding Daniel ‘understand the matter, and consider the vision,’ the very first words of the angel are: ‘Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy Holy City.’ The word here translated ‘determined’ literally signifies ‘cut off.’ Seventy weeks, representing 490 years, are declared by the angel to be cut off, as specially pertaining to the Jews. But from what were they cut off? As the 2,300 days was the only period of time mentioned in chapter 8, it must be the period from which the seventy weeks were cut off; the seventy weeks must therefore be a part of the 2,300 days, and the two periods must begin together. The seventy weeks were declared by the angel to date from the going forth of the commandment to restore and build Jerusalem. If the date of this commandment could be found, then the starting point for the great period of the 2,300 days would be ascertained.

“In the seventh chapter of Ezra the decree is found. Verses 12–26. In its completest form it was issued by Artaxerxes, king of Persia, 457 B.C. But in Ezra 6:14, the house of the Lord at Jerusalem is said to have been built ‘according to the commandment [‘decree,’ margin] of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.’ These three kings, in originating, reaffirming, and completing the decree, brought it to the perfection required by the prophecy to mark the beginning of the 2,300 years. Taking 457 B.C., the time when the decree was completed, as the date of the commandment, every specification of the prophecy concerning the seventy weeks was seen to have been fulfilled.” The Great Controversy 326, 327

Tuesday

3 KEY PROPHECIES FULFILLED

3.a. How did God’s messenger divide the seventy prophetic years in the vision given to Daniel? Daniel 9:25

 

Note: “The decree of Artaxerxes went into effect in the autumn of 457 B.C. From this date [69 prophetic weeks or], 483 years extend to the autumn of A.D. 27. … At that time this prophecy was fulfilled. The word ‘Messiah’ signifies ‘the Anointed One.’ In the autumn of A.D. 27, Christ was baptized by John and received the anointing of the Spirit. The apostle Peter testifies that ‘God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power.’ Acts 10:38.” The Great Controversy, 327

 

3.b. How did the angel explain the last prophetic week of the 490 years allotted to the Jewish people? Daniel 9:27, first part

 

Note: “ ‘And He shall confirm the covenant with many for one week.’ The ‘week’ here brought to view is the last one of the seventy; it is the last seven years of the period allotted especially to the Jews. During this time, extending from A.D. 27 to A.D. 34, Christ, at first in person and afterward by His disciples, extended the gospel invitation especially to the Jews. As the apostles went forth with the good tidings of the kingdom, the Saviour’s direction was: ‘Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.’ Matthew 10:5, 6.” The Great Controversy, 327

 

3.c. What happened in the middle of the last prophetic week? Daniel 9:27, middle part

 

Note: “ ‘In the midst of the week He shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease.’ In A.D. 31, three and a half years after His baptism, our Lord was crucified. With the great sacrifice offered upon Calvary, ended that system of offerings which for four thousand years had pointed forward to the Lamb of God. Type had met antitype, and all the sacrifices and oblations of the ceremonial system were there to cease.” The Great Controversy, 327, 328

Wednesday

4 THE SEVENTY WEEKS CONCLUDED

4.a. What happened at the end of the last prophetic week? Acts 7:59, 60; 8:1–5; 13:46, 47; 22:21

 

Note: “The seventy weeks, or 490 years, especially allotted to the Jews, ended, as we have seen, in A.D. 34. At that time, through the action of the Jewish Sanhedrin, the nation sealed its rejection of the gospel by the martyrdom of Stephen and the persecution of the followers of Christ. Then the message of salvation, no longer restricted to the chosen people, was given to the world.” The Great Controversy, 328

4.b. After the seventy prophetic weeks of years ended in A.D. 34, what happened to the city of Jerusalem and to the temple? Daniel 9:26, 27; Matthew 24:1, 2, 15, 16

 

Note: “Both the city and the temple were razed to their foundations, and the ground upon which the holy house had stood was ‘plowed like a field.’ Jeremiah 26:18. In the siege and the slaughter that followed, more than a million of the people perished; the survivors were carried away as captives, sold as slaves, dragged to Rome to grace the conqueror’s triumph, thrown to wild beasts in the amphitheaters, or scattered as homeless wanderers throughout the earth.” The Great Controversy, 35

4.c. What responsibility did the Jews of Jesus’ day take upon themselves by shouting, “His blood be on us and on our children?” Matthew 27:25

 

Note: “Looking upon the smitten Lamb of God, the Jews had cried, ‘His blood be on us, and on our children.’ That awful cry ascended to the throne of God. That sentence, pronounced upon themselves, was written in heaven. That prayer was heard. The blood of the Son of God was upon their children and their children’s children, a perpetual curse.

“Terribly was it realized in the destruction of Jerusalem. Terribly has it been manifested in the condition of the Jewish nation.” The Desire of Ages, 739

Thursday

5 EARNEST SEEKERS REWARDED

5.a. What did the angel of the Lord say about the 2,300 days? Daniel 8:26. How did the Advent pioneers find the end of the 2,300 prophetic days in 1844? What lesson can we gain from this experience? Deuteronomy 4:29; 29:29; John 7:17

 

Note: “Thus far every specification of the prophecies is strikingly fulfilled, and the beginning of the seventy weeks is fixed beyond question at 457 B.C., and their expiration in A.D. 34. From this data there is no difficulty in finding the termination of the 2,300 days. The seventy weeks—490 days—having been cut off from the 2,300, there were 1810 days remaining. After the end of 490 days, the 1810 days were still to be fulfilled. From A.D. 34, 1810 years extend to 1844. Consequently the 2,300 days of Daniel 8:14 terminate in 1844. At the expiration of this great prophetic period, upon the testimony of the angel of God, ‘the sanctuary shall be cleansed.’ ” The Great Controversy, 328

“He [Christ] will make plain His word to all who seek Him in sincerity of heart. Those who study the word of God with hearts open to the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit, will not remain in darkness as to the meaning of the word. ‘If any man willeth to do His will,’ Christ said, ‘he shall know of the teaching whether it be of God, or whether I speak from Myself.’ John 7:17, R.V. All who come to Christ for a clearer knowledge of the truth will receive it. He will unfold to them the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, and these mysteries will be understood by the heart that longs to know the truth.” Christ’s Object Lessons, 36

Friday

PERSONAL REVIEW QUESTIONS

1          What was Daniel’s concern about the vision referred to in Daniel 8:11–14, 25, 26? Where did he try to find the explanation of this vision?

2          Summarize the significance of Daniel’s prayer.

3          What explanation did Gabriel, God’s messenger, give about the first part of the 2,300 prophetic days?

4          What was the fate of Jerusalem and the temple shortly after the end of the seventy prophetic weeks?

5          Why can we be encouraged by the way the Advent pioneers found that the 2,300 prophetic days of Daniel 8:14 ended in 1844?

Copyright 2010, Reformation Herald Publishing Association, 5240 Hollins Road, Roanoke, Virginia 24019-5048, U.S.A.

The Vision of the Prophet Daniel

by

September 8 – 14, 2024

Key Text

“But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end; many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase.” Daniel 12:4

Study Help: Prophets and Kings, 551–555

Introduction

“The light that Daniel received from God was given especially for these last days. The visions he saw … are now in process of fulfillment, and all the events foretold will soon come to pass.” Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers, 112, 113

Sunday

1 ANCIENT EMPIRES IN PROPHECY

1.a. What principle does the Sovereign of the universe utilize in the history of the nations? Ezekiel 21:26–28; Daniel 2:21; 4:35

 

Note: “Every nation that has come upon the stage of action has been permitted to occupy its place on the earth, that the fact might be determined whether it would fulfill the purposes of the Watcher and the Holy One.” Prophets and Kings, 535

1.b. What do we learn from the accuracy with which the prophecies of nations have been fulfilled? Isaiah 46:9, 10

 

Note: “The history of nations speaks to us today. To every nation and to every individual God has assigned a place in His great plan. Today men and nations are being tested by the plummet in the hand of Him who makes no mistake. All are by their own choice deciding their destiny, and God is overruling all for the accomplishment of His purposes. …

“All that prophecy has foretold as coming to pass, until the present time, has been traced on the pages of history, and we may be assured that all which is yet to come will be fulfilled in its order.” Prophets and Kings, 536

Monday

2 FOUR KINGDOMS IN SEQUENCE

2.a. What did Daniel behold in prophetic vision in the third year of King Belshazzar’s reign? Daniel 8:3, 4. How did the angel Gabriel explain the meaning of the ram with two horns? Verse 20

 

2.b. What explanation did the angel give about the rough goat that overpowered the ram? Daniel 8:5–7, 21, 22

 

2.c.      After Alexander the Great’s four generals divided the Greek city-states he had established, how was the next world power depicted? Daniel 8:8; 7:7

 

2.d.      Of what heinous crime was this cruel empire guilty? Acts 4:26, 27

 

Note: “The chief agent of Satan in making war upon Christ and His people during the first centuries of the Christian Era was the Roman Empire, in which paganism was the prevailing religion. Thus while the dragon, primarily, represents Satan, it is, in a secondary sense, a symbol of pagan Rome.” The Great Controversy, 438

2.e. What realization can bring us comfort even amidst the wickedness prevailing in this dark world? Daniel 2:20–22; Acts 15:18

 

Note: “Prophecy has traced the rise and progress of the world’s great empires—Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. With each of these, as with the nations of less power, history has repeated itself. Each has had its period of test; each has failed, its glory faded, its power departed.

“While nations have rejected God’s principles, and in this rejection have wrought their own ruin, yet a divine, overruling purpose has manifestly been at work throughout the ages.” Prophets and Kings, 535

Tuesday

3 THE RISE OF THE LITTLE HORN

3.a. What was noticeable about one of the ten horns in Daniel’s vision, and what does this signify? Daniel 8:9–11, 24, 25; 7:8

 

Note: “Says Daniel, of the little horn, the papacy: ‘He shall think to change times and the law.’ Daniel 7:25, R.V. And Paul styled the same power the ‘man of sin,’ who was to exalt himself above God.” The Great Controversy, 446

3.b. What does the word of prophecy say, in the New Testament, about the little horn when it is already developed into a religious/political power? 2 Thessalonians 2:3, 4; Revelation 13:2–8

 

3.c. By what other names is this power mentioned in the New Testament? When and how will this power eventually come to an end? Daniel 7:11, 26; Revelation 17:5, 16; 18:7, 16, 18, 20

 

3.d. As the prophet was listening to the conversation between the two angels, what question impressed his mind—and what answer did he hear? Daniel 8:12–14

 

3.e. In Daniel 8, the truth, the sanctuary, and the host of the Prince would be trodden under foot by the little horn until the end of the 2300 prophetic days (or 2,300 literal years). In Daniel 7, the same religious/political power would prevail until the judgment. Daniel 7:19–22. Therefore, what great event in the plan of God must coincide with the end of the 2,300 hundred years?

 

Note: “Both the prophecy of Daniel 8:14, ‘Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed,’ and the first angel’s message, ‘Fear God, and give glory to Him; for the hour of His judgment is come,’ pointed to Christ’s ministration in the most holy place, to the investigative judgment.” The Great Controversy, 424

3.f. After what events, and after what period of time, does the Bible set the beginning of the investigative judgment? Daniel 7:25, 26; Revelation 11:2, 3, 18, 19

Wednesday

4 “THE ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION”

4.a. What warning did Jesus give the early disciples about “the abomination of desolation” spoken of in the vision given to Daniel? Matthew 24:15–20

 

Note: “When the idolatrous standards of the Romans should be set up in the holy ground, which extended some furlongs outside the city walls, then the followers of Christ were to find safety in flight. When the warning sign should be seen, those who would escape must make no delay. Throughout the land of Judea, as well as in Jerusalem itself, the signal for flight must be immediately obeyed. He who chanced to be upon the housetop must not go down into his house, even to save his most valued treasures. Those who were working in the fields or vineyards must not take time to return for the outer garment laid aside while they should be toiling in the heat of the day. They must not hesitate a moment, lest they be involved in the general destruction.” The Great Controversy, 26

4.b. In what sense does this warning about “the abomination of desolation” have a second application today? Compare Daniel 8:13; 9:26, 27; 11:31; 12:11

 

Note: “The time is not far distant, when, like the early disciples, we shall be forced to seek a refuge in desolate and solitary places. As the siege of Jerusalem by the Roman armies was the signal for flight to the Judean Christians, so the assumption of power on the part of our nation [the United States] in the decree enforcing the papal sabbath will be a warning to us. It will then be time to leave the large cities, preparatory to leaving the smaller ones for retired homes in secluded places among the mountains.

“For years I have been given special light that we are not to center our work in the cities. The turmoil and confusion that fill these cities, the conditions brought about by the labor unions and the strikes, would prove a great hindrance to our work. Men are seeking to bring those engaged in the different trades under bondage to certain unions. This is not God’s planning, but the planning of a power that we should in no wise acknowledge. …

“Educate our people to get out of the cities into the country, where they can obtain a small piece of land, and make a home for themselves and their children. …

“Erelong there will be such strife and confusion in the cities, that those who wish to leave them will not be able.” Maranatha, 180

Thursday

5 THE URGENCY OF THE HOUR

5.a. As we see the fulfillment of prophecy unfolding before our very eyes, what words of encouragement should we take to heart? Ecclesiastes 7:8; Jude 1:21

 

Note: “The prophecies which the great I AM has given in His word, uniting link after link in the chain of events, from eternity in the past to eternity in the future, tell us where we are today in the procession of the ages and what may be expected in the time to come. …

“The present is a time of overwhelming interest to all living. Rulers and statesmen, men who occupy positions of trust and authority, thinking men and women of all classes, have their attention fixed upon the events taking place about us. They are watching the relations that exist among the nations. They observe the intensity that is taking possession of every earthly element, and they recognize that something great and decisive is about to take place—that the world is on the verge of a stupendous crisis.” Prophets and Kings, 536, 537

Friday

PERSONAL REVIEW QUESTIONS

1          In the vision of the prophet Daniel, what kingdom was represented by the ram with two horns?

2          In ancient history, who was the rough he-goat that overpowered the ram? Who were the four horns that came up after the goat’s large horn was broken?

3          Who was symbolized by the “little horn” that took root in the territory of one of the four horns (Macedonia)?

4          What did Jesus prophesy about the two-fold prophecy of “the abomination of desolation” spoken of by Daniel?

5          After the religious/political power represented by the little horn loses its supremacy, for what work would the most holy place in the heavenly sanctuary be opened?

Copyright 2010, Reformation Herald Publishing Association, 5240 Hollins Road, Roanoke, Virginia 24019-5048, U.S.A.

Annual Assemblies: the Day of Atonement

by

Light For Today From the Sanctuary Service

September 1 – 7, 2024

Key Text

“Also the tenth day of this seventh month shall be the Day of Atonement.” Leviticus 23:27, first part

Study Help: The Great Controversy, 417–422

Introduction

“Once a year, on the great Day of Atonement, the [high] priest entered the most holy place for the cleansing of the sanctuary.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 355

Sunday

1 THE FEASTS OF TRUMPETS AND OF TABERNACLES

1.a. What feast heralded the coming of the Day of Atonement? Leviticus 23:24, 25; Numbers 29:1

 

1.b. What feast was held after the Day of Atonement and after the harvest was reaped? Leviticus 23:34–36, 40–43; Deuteronomy 16:13–15

 

Note: “We sustain a loss when we neglect the privilege of associating together to strengthen and encourage one another in the service of God. The truths of His word lose their vividness and importance in our minds. Our hearts cease to be enlightened and aroused by the sanctifying influence, and we decline in spirituality. … We are all children of one Father, dependent upon one another for happiness. The claims of God and of humanity are upon us. It is the proper cultivation of the social elements of our nature that brings us into sympathy with our brethren and affords us happiness in our efforts to bless others.

“The Feast of Tabernacles was not only commemorative but typical. It not only pointed back to the wilderness sojourn, but, as the feast of harvest, it celebrated the ingathering of the fruits of the earth, and pointed forward to the great day of final ingathering, when the Lord of the harvest shall send forth His reapers to gather the tares together in bundles for the fire, and to gather the wheat into His garner.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 541

Monday

2 A NECESSARY DISTINCTION: SINS PARDONED VS. SINS BLOTTED OUT

2.a. What was accomplished through the daily atonement? Exodus 29:39; Leviticus 4:13–20

 

Note: “In the sin offerings presented during the year, a substitute had been accepted in the sinner’s stead; but the blood of the victim had not made full atonement for the sin. It had only provided a means by which the sin was transferred to the sanctuary. By the offering of blood, the sinner acknowledged the authority of the law, confessed the guilt of his transgression, and expressed his faith in Him who was to take away the sin of the world; but he was not entirely released from the condemnation of the law.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 355, 356

“The blood, representing the forfeited life of the sinner, whose guilt the victim bore, was carried by the priest into the holy place and sprinkled before the veil, behind which was the ark containing the law that the sinner had transgressed. By this ceremony the sin was, through the blood, transferred in figure to the sanctuary.” The Great Controversy, 418

2.b. How do we know that pardon and blotting out of sins are two different things? Ezekiel 18:24; Matthew 18:32–35

 

Note: “The blood of Christ, while it was to release the repentant sinner from the condemnation of the law, was not to cancel the sin; it would stand on record in the sanctuary until the final atonement; so in the type the blood of the sin offering removed the sin from the penitent, but it rested in the sanctuary until the Day of Atonement.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 357

“Our true position, and the only one in which there is any safety, is that of repentance and confession of sins before God. Feeling that we are sinners, we shall have faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, who alone is able to pardon transgression and impute unto us righteousness. When the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord, then the sins of the repentant soul, who received the grace of Christ and has overcome through the blood of the Lamb will be removed from the records of heaven and will be placed upon Satan, the scapegoat, the originator of sin, and be remembered no more against him forever. The sins of the overcomers will be blotted out of the books of record, but their names will be retained on the book of life.” The Signs of the Times, May 16, 1895

Tuesday

3 THE DAY OF ATONEMENT

3.a. When did the Day of Atonement for removing the sins from the sanctuary occur? Leviticus 23:27

 

3.b. Although the sins of the people were forgiven in the daily atonement, their sins still existed—accumulated in the sanctuary. What ceremony was performed, once a year, to put their past sins, symbolically, out of existence? Leviticus 16:16, 30

 

3.c. On the Day of Atonement, what ritual was practiced with the two goats that were brought to the high priest for the removal of sin from the people and from the sanctuary? Leviticus 16:7–10

 

3.d. What did the high priest have to do before making atonement for the people? Leviticus 16:11

 

3.e.      What was the procedure with the goat of the sin offering? Leviticus 16:15–19. Whom did that goat represent? John 19:13–15; 1 Corinthians 15:3

 

Note: “The goat upon which fell the lot for the Lord was to be slain as a sin offering for the people. And the priest was to bring his blood within the veil and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat and before the mercy seat. The blood was also to be sprinkled upon the altar of incense that was before the veil.” The Great Controversy, 419

3.f.       As soon as the sanctuary had been purified from the “uncleanness of the children of Israel,” what did the high priest do with the sins that had just been removed? Leviticus 16:20–22

 

Wednesday

4 THE CLEANSING OF THE SANCTUARY

4.a. To what forthcoming experience did the blowing of the trumpets, ten days in advance (Numbers 29:1), call the attention of the people? What were all expected to do on the Day of Atonement? Leviticus 16:29, 30; 23:27, 32

 

4.b. What would happen to those who would not afflict their souls on that great day? Leviticus 23:29, 30.
What will happen to those who willfully sin after having received the knowledge of the truth? Hebrews 10:26–31

 

Note: “To sin, wherever found, ‘our God is a consuming fire.’ Hebrews 12:29. In all who submit to His power the Spirit of God will consume sin. But if men cling to sin, they become identified with it. Then the glory of God, which destroys sin, must destroy them.” The Desire of Ages, 107

4.c. What did the ancient Day of Atonement symbolize? Proverbs 16:6; Hebrews 9:11–14, 25–28

 

Note: “The blood of Christ, while it was to release the repentant sinner from the condemnation of the law, was not to cancel the sin; it would stand on record in the sanctuary until the final atonement; so in the type the blood of the sin offering removed the sin from the penitent, but it rested in the sanctuary until the Day of Atonement.

“In the great day of final award, the dead are to be ‘judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.’ Revelation 20:12. Then by virtue of the atoning blood of Christ, the sins of all the truly penitent will be blotted from the books of heaven. Thus the sanctuary will be freed, or cleansed, from the record of sin. In the type, this great work of atonement, or blotting out of sins, was represented by the services of the Day of Atonement—the cleansing of the earthly sanctuary, which was accomplished by the removal, by virtue of the blood of the sin offering, of the sins by which it had been polluted.

“As in the final atonement the sins of the truly penitent are to be blotted from the records of heaven, no more to be remembered or come into mind, so in the type they were borne away into the wilderness, forever separated from the congregation.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 357, 358

Thursday

5 LIFE OR DEATH IN THE BALANCE

5.a. What parallel can be seen between the scapegoat of Leviticus 16:21, and Satan as described in Revelation 20:1–3?

 

Note: “Since Satan is the originator of sin, the direct instigator of all the sins that caused the death of the Son of God, justice demands that Satan shall suffer the final punishment.” Patriarchs and Prophets, 358

 

5.b. What warning can help us escape the destruction of sin and sinners? Proverbs 16:3; Acts 3:19. Give examples of false repentance. 2 Corinthians 7:10; 1 Samuel 15:24; Matthew 27:3, 4

 

Note: “God has erected the barriers of testimonies as a wall about you to guard you from falling under the specious wiles of the enemy, but you break all these down and press over everything to follow your inclination. Your sorrow for your sins is like that of those who anciently rent their garments to express their grief but did not afflict their souls. You have not a correct sense of what sin is. The aggravating character of unchastity of thought and actions you have not sensed. Your mind is carnal, and that almost continually. If you really were sorry for your sins, if you really had a true sense of your wrongs, you would exercise that repentance that needeth not to be repented of.” Testimonies on Sexual Behavior, Adultery, and Divorce, 169

5.c. In whom only is there hope for us? Romans 5:6–11

 

Friday

PERSONAL REVIEW QUESTIONS

1          What was the meaning of the Day of Atonement that occurred once a year? When did it take place?

2          What was the difference between the daily and yearly atonements?

3          What is the difference between pardon and blotting out of sin?

4          What was the symbolic meaning of the two goats brought to the sanctuary?

5          Explain the parallel between the fate of the scapegoat and of Satan.

Copyright 2010, Reformation Herald Publishing Association, 5240 Hollins Road, Roanoke, Virginia 24019-5048, U.S.A.

Recipe – Coconut Macaroons

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Coconut

Botanically speaking, a coconut is a fibrous one-seeded drupe, also known as a dry drupe. However, when using loose definitions, the coconut can be a fruit, a nut, and a seed.

Did you know?

  • The name coconut is actually a combination of nut, and the Portuguese word coco, meaning head or skull.
  • Just like mangoes, cashews, and cherries, the coconut is actually a drupe and not a nut. The drupe is an item that has a fleshy outer part around a pit.
  • The coconut tree, botanically named Cocus Nucifera, can grow up to 82 feet high and produce up to 180 coconuts during a single harvest season.
  • Coconut water contains 94% water, on average, with approximately 46 calories in a cup.
  • Coconut oils contain MCTs—medium-chain triglycerides—which are easy to digest. The oil is a source of energy and has an accelerating effect on metabolism. Coconut oils are very healthy and good for the heart.
  • On average, three and a half cups of coconut equate to one tablespoon of fiber, the recommended daily amount of fiber for an adult.
  • Coconuts, in different forms, are anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-parasitical.
  • During World War II in the Pacific theater, coconut water was used to give emergency plasma transfusions to wounded soldiers.
  • The husk of a coconut can actually be burnt to act as a natural mosquito repellent, a process used in many countries around the world.
  • 5% of injuries in Papua New Guinea’s Provincial Hospital were reportedly caused by falling coconuts.

Coconut in its many forms—chips, butter, oil, or as a refreshing beverage—is used all around the world.

Source: unicomtea.com/20-fun-facts-about-coconuts

Recipe – Coconut Macaroons

Ingredients

¼ cup full fat coconut milk

3 Tbs. maple syrup

3 Tbs. chickpea flour

½ tsp. vanilla bean powder

¼ tsp. salt

finely grated citrus zest, optional

2 cups packed unsweetened shredded coconut, roughly chopped

Process

Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper. In a bowl, whisk the coconut milk, maple syrup, chickpea flour, vanilla bean powder, salt, and citrus zest, if using, until smooth. Add coconut, stirring until blended. Scoop tablespoons of dough with a small cookie scoop into compact rounds onto baking sheet, two inches apart. Bake at 325°F for 25–30 minutes until golden brown and firm to the touch. Transfer cookies to a cooling rack.

Note: The chickpea flour acts as an egg replacement with no chickpea taste.

Unrequited Love

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Again the Son of God was seized with superhuman agony, and, fainting and exhausted, He staggered back to the place of His former struggle. His suffering was even greater than before. Only a short time before, Christ had poured out His soul in songs of praise in unfaltering accents, as one who was conscious of His Sonship to God. He had spoken to His disciples in words of tenderness and love. Now His voice came to them on the still evening air, not in tones of triumph, but full of human anguish. So lately He had been serene in His majesty, He had been like a mighty cedar; now He was as a broken reed. The words of the Saviour were borne to the ears of the drowsy disciples, ‘O My Father, if this cup may not pass away from Me, except I drink it, Thy will be done.’ ” The Signs of the Times, December 2, 1897

A dictionary definition of agony is “pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body; extreme pain of body or mind, appropriately the pangs of death; violent contest or striving.” Jesus suffered in His human body and mind. “The temptations of Christ, and His sufferings under them, were proportionate to His exalted, sinless character. But in every time of distress, Christ turned to His Father. He ‘resisted unto blood’ in that hour when the fear of moral failure was as the fear of death.” Selected Messages, Book 3, 131. Christ was not afraid to die for us. His fear was that He would fail, thus becoming an imperfect sacrifice. This was the devil’s intended purpose as he exerted all of his evil power against the humanity of Christ—a moral failure, an imperfect sacrifice, the plan of salvation ruined.

“Hear that agonized prayer of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane! While the disciples were sleeping beneath the spreading branches of the olive trees, the Son of man—a Man of sorrows and acquainted with grief—was prostrate upon the cold earth. As the agony of soul came upon Him, large blood drops were forced from His pores, and with the falling dew moistened the sods of Gethsemane … .” The Signs of the Times, December 2, 1897. Notice the adjectives that Mrs. White uses—fear, sorrow, grief, agony of soul—all feelings of the mind.

“Christ was now standing in a different attitude from that in which He had ever stood before. Hitherto He had been as an intercessor for others; now He longs for an intercessor for Himself. In His soul anguish, He lay prostrate upon the cold earth. Christ had suffered insult at the hands of the men whom He came to bless and save; He had been charged with being linked with Beelzebub, that His miracles of healing were wrought through satanic agencies; but these things did not cause Him the intense agony of soul He was now suffering. He was bearing the penalty of transgression for a sinful world. This proceeded not from Satan nor from man. It is best described in the words of the prophet, ‘Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, and against the Man that is My fellow, saith the Lord of hosts.’ Christ was realizing His Father’s frown. He was now suffering under divine justice. He saw what justice meant. He felt that as man’s substitute and surety He must be bound to the altar. He had taken the cup of suffering from the lips of guilty men, and proposed to drink it Himself, and in its place give to men the cup of blessing.” Ibid. This is what Jesus did for us. He took the cup that was ours, and said, I will drink it for you. And in its place, He offers His own to us. He took the curse, and gives us the blessing.

“Satan urged upon Christ all the force of his temptations. He presented before Him that the sin of the world, so offensive to God, was chastisement too great. He would never again be looked upon as pure and holy and undefiled, as God’s only-begotten Son. He had Himself become a sinner, and would suffer the penalty of sin. The wrath that would have fallen upon man, was now to fall upon Him.” Ibid.

We cannot comprehend this kind of temptation.

“Christ sojourned thirty-three years in this world, and how was He treated? The world disowned Him, scorned Him, and pronounced sentence against Him in the judgment hall, and, as agents of the prince of darkness, acted out his spirit in putting Christ to death. It was the worst that humanity could do. It was unrequited love that broke the heart of the Son of God.” The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials, 176

The heart of Jesus was broken because those whom He loved so dearly did not love Him in return.

“The Son of God placed Himself in the sinner’s stead, and passed over the ground where Adam fell, and endured the temptation in the wilderness which was a hundredfold stronger than was or ever will be brought to bear upon the human race.” Manuscript Releases, Vol. 5, 112

What a contrast between His temptations and ours! Divine love was the foundation of Jesus’ human spiritual nature, and it was because of love that His human spiritual nature was free from every taint of sin. We find not one seed of selfishness in His human nature. When He was tempted in all points like as we are, His own desire for the removal of suffering was a hundredfold stronger than fallen man will ever be called upon to experience.

In the Wilderness – Appetite

Christ faced three specific temptations. “In the wilderness of temptation, Christ met the great leading temptations that would assail man. … The first great temptation was upon appetite; the second, presumption; the third, love of the world.” Testimonies, Vol. 4, 44

“Appetite and passion, the love of the world, and presumptuous sins, were the great branches of evil out of which every species of crime, violence, and corruption grew.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 280

Appetite is “a natural desire to satisfy a bodily need” or “a strong desire or liking for something.” Appetite typically refers to food or drink, but appetite can also refer to a strong desire and/or emotion, an eagerness or longing such as we see in love, sexual passion, anger, the desire for wealth and fame, envy and covetousness, addictions, and the desire for power and control. This type of appetite is directed toward something or someone. Passion does not exist without an object on which to focus it.

There are two kinds of appetite—natural and artificial. Jesus inherited natural appetites. Artificial appetites are cultivated. Appetite was the first temptation Jesus faced in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1–3). “When Christ bore the test of temptation upon the point of appetite, He did not stand in beautiful Eden, as did Adam, with the light and love of God seen in everything His eye rested upon. But He was in a barren, desolate wilderness, surrounded with wild beasts.” The Review and Herald, August 4, 1874

“Our Saviour fasted nearly six weeks, that He might gain for man the victory upon the point of appetite.”

“He knew that appetite would be man’s idol, and would lead him [man] to forget God, and would stand directly in the way of his salvation.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 284

“He [the devil] put forth his strongest efforts to overcome Christ on the point of appetite at a time when He was enduring the keenest pangs of hunger.” The Review and Herald, March 18, 1875

Some time ago, a health reformer wrote a book on fasting. He stated that 40 days appears to be the maximum amount of time that a human being can fast without sustaining lasting damage to the body. Jesus fasted for 40 days. More recently, the medical community says that fasting for more than three days without medical supervision is neither safe nor advisable.

When a person fasts for a few days, drinking plenty of water, the feeling of hunger dissipates. But if a person fasts for weeks, the hunger pangs return worse than before. In the first three days, the body will use up all of the glucose stored in the liver for energy. After that, the liver will begin to process body fat (ketosis). When the body fat has been depleted, the body enters the starvation stage during which it begins to “mine” the muscles and other vital organs for energy. Death from starvation typically results once 40-50% of the person’s original weight has been lost, within approximately 60-70 days. Those with a greater amount of body fat can last longer. (Source: wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strike#Medical_view)

So, we can see that at the end of Jesus’ 40-day fast in the wilderness, He had already passed the stage where His liver had used up all the glucose it had stored, processed all His body fat, and He was now in the starvation stage. His body had begun to mine His muscles and vital organs for the energy to stay alive, and He was experiencing the keenest pangs of hunger. It was at this point that the devil came to Him.

Jesus experienced a hunger—a terrible power of temptation, and the drawing of desire—that we will never be asked to experience. Did Jesus desire something to eat after fasting 40 days? The power of appetite is determined by the degree of hunger and Jesus experienced the maximum degree of hunger that it is possible for a human being to have and not have permanent damage in the body.

The degree of extreme hunger that Jesus experienced far exceeded the craving desires of a drug addict, a smoker, an alcoholic, a glutton, or a person who is or has been a slave of any other vice. No one who has been a slave to appetite no matter the form it takes, can say that Jesus cannot understand how they feel. “The victory gained was designed, not only to set an example to those who have fallen under the power of appetite, but to qualify the Redeemer for His special work of reaching to the very depths of human woe.” The Review and Herald, March 18, 1875

We have a Saviour who wants to save and who is uniquely qualified to save everyone to the uttermost, even those who dwell at the very bottom of the pit of sin. When Christ was tempted on the point of appetite, He reached to the very depths of human woe.

“By experiencing in Himself the strength of Satan’s temptation, and of human sufferings and infirmities, He would know how to succor [help] those who should put forth efforts to help themselves.” Ibid.

When the devil came to Jesus in this first temptation, he assumed the form of an angel of light to deceive Jesus. He attempted to make Jesus believe that he was a messenger from the throne of God sent to lend aid and to tell Him that His fast was over.

“If You are the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread,” Satan taunted Jesus. Jesus could have spoken a word and it would have been done. But if He had, it would have broken the agreement He had made with His Father that while on earth as a man, He would never work a divine miracle for His own benefit making void the plan of salvation. Furthermore, He would have been accepting the devil’s statement of doubt, “If … .” You and I cannot speak and stones become bread, but Jesus could and because He could, it made the temptation to use His divine power to prove that He was the Son of God more powerful than any temptation that you or I will ever face.

In the Wilderness – Presumption

“The second temptation was on the point of presumption.” Sermons and Talks, Vol. 2, 218

“Only He who has true faith is secure against presumption. For presumption is Satan’s counterfeit of faith. Faith claims God’s promises, and brings forth fruit in obedience. Presumption also claims the promises, but uses them as Satan did, to excuse transgression. Faith would have led our first parents to trust the love of God, and to obey His commands. Presumption led them to transgress His law, believing that His great love would save them from the consequence of their sin.” The Desire of Ages, 126

Still today—6,000 years of sin later—millions of people believe that they can go through their lives sinning, but never overcoming, and God will save them anyway because He loves mankind so much He couldn’t bear to let anyone die. And they would be right that God loves man and that it was never His plan that anyone should die. But for the soul that sins, death is still the penalty, and no matter how much God loves the human race, He does not change, therefore, neither can His law be changed.

“It is not faith that claims the favor of heaven without complying with the conditions on which mercy is to be granted. Genuine faith has its foundation in the promises and provisions of the Scriptures.” Ibid.

True faith is based on trusting God, claiming His promises, and allowing His grace to work in the life to keep the believer from falling. Presumption is based on doubt and unbelief. It, too, claims God’s promises, but uses them to excuse transgression. Presumption believes that His love is greater than His justice and that God did not really mean that the soul that sins will die. But God says what He means and means what He says. Inspiration tells us that this is a hard lesson for man to learn.

Again, the devil approached Jesus as an angel of light. He took Jesus into the holy city up on the pinnacle of the temple, and, throwing doubt as to who Jesus really is, he said, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down. For it is written: ‘He shall give His angels charge over You,’ and ‘In their hands they shall bear You up, lest You dash Your foot against a stone.’ ” Matthew 4:6

Satan quoted a Bible promise. Well, he quoted part of the promise, but not all of it.

“For He shall give His angels charge over you, to keep you in all your ways.” Psalm 91:11

“In all Your ways”—in other words, according to God’s way. “The wily foe himself presents words that proceeded from the mouth of God. … he makes it evident that he is acquainted with the Scriptures … .

“When he quoted the promise, ‘He shall give His angels charge over Thee,’ he omitted the words, ‘to keep Thee in all Thy ways’: that is, in all the ways of God’s choosing. Jesus refused to go outside the path of obedience. … He would not force Providence to come to His rescue, and thus fail of giving man an example of trust and submission.” The Truth About Angels, 174, 175

Jesus’ response—found in Deuteronomy 6:16—to Satan was, “ ‘It is written again, You shall not tempt the Lord thy God.’ ” These words were spoken by Moses to the children of Israel when they thirsted in the desert, and demanded that Moses should give them water, exclaiming, “ ‘Is the Lord among us, or not?’ ”  Exodus 17:7. God had wrought marvelously for them; yet in trouble they doubted Him, and demanded evidence that He was with them. In their unbelief, they sought to put Him to the test, and Satan was urging Christ to do the same thing.

When John the Baptist baptized Jesus, the Bible says that when He came up out of the water, the heavens opened and the Spirit like a dove descended upon Him. A voice spoke from heaven saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” Matthew 3:17

After His baptism, the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness, where He was tempted for 40 days. This particular temptation—presumption—was a parallel of the experience of ancient Israel when in their unbelief they tempted God. “God had already testified that Jesus was His Son; and now to ask for proof that He was the Son of God would be putting God’s word to the test—tempting Him. And the same would be true of asking for that which God had not promised. It would manifest distrust, and be really proving, or tempting, Him.” The Desire of Ages, 126

Temptation is a test to prove something. “We should not present our petitions to God to prove whether He will fulfill His word, but because He will fulfill it; not to prove that He loves us, but because He loves us. ‘Without faith it is impossible to please Him: for he that cometh to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him.’ Hebrews 11:6.” Ibid.

Jesus did not yield to either of the first two wilderness temptations, but He knew that we would.

“… through no class of temptations does he [Satan] achieve greater success than through those addressed to the appetite. If he can control the appetite, he can control the whole man.” Temperance, 276

“If Satan cannot prevent persons from exercising faith, he will try to lead them to presume upon the willingness and power of God, by placing themselves unnecessarily in the way of temptation. Presumption is a most common temptation, and as Satan assails men with this, he obtains the victory nine times out of ten.” The Signs of the Times, September 29, 1887

Every Christian needs to study the subject of presumption because we are all in a fight that the devil wins 90% of the time. If we are to win in this fight, then we must be studying and praying to strengthen our offense in the fight.

In the Wilderness – Pride

Having failed with the first and second temptations, Satan changed things up for the third. Interestingly, he no longer attempted to deceive Jesus by coming as an angel of light sent from the throne of God. Throwing off the disguise he used in the first two temptations, he came to Jesus as himself. Then he took Jesus up on a high mountain, a vantage point from which all the kingdoms of the world could be seen. All of these are mine, he said, but I will give them to You “if You will fall down and worship me.” Matthew 4:9

Satan came to Jesus claiming to be the rightful ruler of the world, willing to confer this honor on Jesus if He would simply bow down and acknowledge that Satan had the authority to do as he promised. Absolute blasphemy! How this must have stung the heart of Christ. Jesus had already defeated Satan in heaven. Satan was the ruler of nothing but evil. However, here in this world in the guise of fallen humanity, He now stands confronted by His chief adversary and the enemy of man, this boastful fiend who so successfully usurps Christ’s place in the hearts of all mankind.

“In the first two great temptations Satan had not revealed his true purposes or his character. He claimed to be an exalted messenger from the courts of heaven, but he now throws off his disguise. In a panoramic view he presented before Christ all the kingdoms of the world in the most attractive light, while he claimed to be the prince of the world.

“This last temptation was the most alluring of the three. …

“The eye of Jesus for a moment rested upon the glory presented before Him; but He turned away and refused to look upon the entrancing spectacle. He would not endanger His steadfast integrity by dallying with the tempter. When Satan solicited homage, Christ’s divine indignation was aroused, and He could no longer tolerate the blasphemous assumption of Satan, or even permit him to remain in His presence. Here Christ exercised His divine authority.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 285, 286

Does that last sentence give you pause? There are many statements in the Spirit of Prophecy that tell us that Jesus, in His humanity, exercised no power on His own behalf that is not freely available to us. But this seems to suggest that divine power is available to us when we face temptations. (See Christ’s Object Lessons, 333.)

“By which have been given to us exceedingly great and precious promises, that through these you may be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.” 2 Peter 1:4

“Therefore submit to God. Resist the devil and he will flee from you.” James 4:7

“Placing Jesus upon a high mountain, Satan caused the kingdoms of the world, in all their glory, to pass in panoramic view before Him. The sunlight lay on templed cities, marble palaces, fertile fields, and fruit-laden vineyards. The traces of evil were hidden. The eyes of Jesus, so lately greeted by gloom and desolation, now gazed upon a scene of unsurpassed loveliness and prosperity. Then the tempter’s voice was heard: ‘All this power will I give Thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it. If Thou therefore wilt worship me, all shall be Thine.’ ” The Desire of Ages, 129

“The strength of this temptation to the Saviour was greater than the human mind can understand.” The Review and Herald, May 14, 1908

“Satan brought all his strength to bear upon this last temptation, for this last effort was to decide his destiny as to who should be victor.” Ibid., September 1, 1874

Satan knew that if he was to win the great controversy, it had to be at that moment. He had to overcome Christ in His humanity, or he would be overcome. “This was the most subtle and overpowering temptation that Satan could bring against Christ in His human nature to unsettle His faith in His heavenly Father and to separate Him from God.” Manuscript Releases, Vol. 18, 86

Jesus gazed upon the kingdoms of the world for but a moment, then He turned to Satan and said, “ ‘Away with you, Satan! For it is written, “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.” ’ ” Matthew 4:10

Defeated, Satan left, and angels were sent to minister to Christ.

Ultimate Victory

Christ knew who He was and He knew things about His future, but this knowledge brought little peace to His life. “At every opportunity they manifested their bitter opposition against Christ. There was no more peace for Him; for the caviling of His enemies was continual, and their plans to entrap Him abundant.” The Signs of the Times, February 8, 1899

As He was our substitute and surety, all of our guilt and sin was laid upon Him. He was counted as a transgressor that we might be redeemed from the condemnation of the law. Jesus was to bear, on man’s behalf, the indignation and wrath of God against sin and sinners to the cross.

“Now with the terrible weight of guilt He bears, He cannot see the Father’s reconciling face. The withdrawal of the divine countenance from the Saviour in this hour of supreme anguish pierced His heart with a sorrow that can never be fully understood by man.” The Desire of Ages, 753

This was real. It was real when they pulled His beard until patches of it came out. The spit was real. The brutality was real. The crown of thorns was real. The hammer and nails used to nail Him to the cross were real. It was real when they slammed the cross into the ground tearing His flesh. Yet this intense, physical agony was as nothing compared to the mental agony He endured.

“Satan with his fierce temptations wrung the heart of Jesus. The Saviour could not see through the portals of the tomb. Hope did not present to Him His coming forth from the grave a conqueror, or tell Him of the Father’s acceptance of the sacrifice. He feared that sin was so offensive to God that Their separation was to be eternal. Christ felt the anguish which the sinner will feel when mercy shall no longer plead for the guilty race.” Ibid., 754

On the cross, Christ felt the horror of the people who will die the second death—absolute aloneness, total and eternal separation from God.

The sense of sin and the Father’s wrath were real and they broke Jesus’ heart. Jesus knew the sorrow and suffering that He would endure, and still He took each step to Calvary. Friends, there is coming a time when, because of our faith and love for God, we will experience suffering, scorn, rejection, and imprisonment, even death, but no mortal man will experience it to the degree that our Lord did.

“Christ’s mission could be fulfilled only through suffering. Before Him was a life of sorrow, hardship, and conflict, and an ignominious death. He must bear the sins of the world. He must endure separation from the Father’s love. … Christ might deliver Himself from the dreadful future by acknowledging the supremacy of Satan. But to do this was to yield the victory in the great controversy. It was in seeking to exalt himself above the Son of God that Satan had sinned in heaven. Should he prevail now, it would be the triumph of rebellion.” The Desire of Ages, 129

This last temptation was the most alluring of the three because Satan was offering Jesus a way out. No Gethsemane, no Calvary. Just an admission that He and God had been wrong when they threw him and his followers out of heaven. An acknowledgement that he was worthy of the praise and worship that he so craved, worthy of a seat next to the throne of God. It was just a simple thing.

“ ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.’ ” Matthew 4:10, last part

Jesus “who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.” Hebrews 12:2

What is this joy? That His love for us is returned, that we accept His salvation, and offer Him His rightful place in our hearts.

Never let it be said of us that “Christ pleaded, He invited; but His love was unrequited by the people He came to save.” Testimonies, Vol. 4, 189

Let us be part of the few in this world who go up the narrow road that leads to everlasting life and show to our Saviour the love that He has shown to us.

Pastor John J. Grosboll is Director of Steps to Life and pastors the Prairie Meadows Church in Wichita, Kansas. He may be contacted by email at historic@stepstolife.org, or by telephone at 316-788-5559.

The Hadza Tribe and Microbiome Health

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In the June issue of LandMarks, we explored just the surface facts of our microbiome. We learned that it is simply a bustling community of microbes on and within the body that significantly influences the body’s overall wellbeing.

Bacteria are by far the most numerous members of the human microbiome estimated to be between 75–200 trillion individual organisms, while the entire human body consists of about 50 trillion–100 trillion body cells. The area that contains the largest amount of microbiota is the intestinal area, especially the large intestine. Five hundred to 1,000 different species of bacteria may live in the intestine, totaling at least 38 trillion cells. It is said by some that if you could only focus on one aspect of health it should be gut health.

Did you know? Over half of the cells in your body are not even human cells.

We also learned that the microbiota interact with almost every body system, and that the gut microbiome has been called the “second brain” because it interacts so closely with our brain, brain chemistry, and its many functions. The microbiome is very active in the metabolism of our food. Chronic and infectious disease risks are also affected by our microbiome. The gut also is intimately connected to our immune system—70% to 80% of the immune system is in the gut.

We also know that our microbiome affects our mood and behavior. Digestion, sleep, immune health, brain function, mental health, metabolism and cardiovascular health are closely linked to the microbiome, emphasizing its importance in maintaining a healthy living human. The microbiome may help prevent or help fight some forms of cancer, and help prevent or treat some forms of dementia.

Given the importance of a healthy microbiome on the wellbeing of the human body, our question should be, How do I help my gut have a healthy, diverse group of microbiota? To help answer this question, let me share with you the very interesting findings of cultural and health studies of two groups of people, the Hadza tribe from Tanzania and the Yanomami tribe from Venezuela, some of the last hunter-gatherers on our planet.

Approximately 200 of the Hadza tribe stick to a strictly nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle. They survive on foraged plants and animals hunted with handmade bows and arrows and live in temporary grass and stick shelters. It’s believed that the Hadza people have some of the healthiest gut microbiomes on the planet. Their diet consists of about 70% plant foods including tubers that contain a range of indigestible fibers that are ideal gut fuel. They get a huge 150 grams of fiber per day. This results in the Hadza having a greater variety of gut microbes than that of 17 other cultures around the world. Most Americans get just 10-15 grams of fiber per day. The Hadza have about 40% more microbial biodiversity in their gut than Americans. This exceptionally high fiber intake seems to be a main contributor to their very healthy gut microbiomes—fiber is fuel for your gut microbes, allowing them to multiply and produce health-promoting compounds.

Getting fiber from a variety of plants helps to create microbial diversity. Research from 2018 found that people who ate more than 30 different plant types per week had a healthier gut microbiome than those who ate fewer plant types. Our focus should be to eat more whole, fiber-rich plant foods such as leafy greens, berries, cruciferous veggies (broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cauliflower, to name a few), Jerusalem artichoke, avocado, beans, and lentils. Sautés and salads are an excellent way to get many different plant foods into a single meal.

Another contributing factor to the Hadza people’s healthiest, most diverse gut microbiomes is that their food source is natural, with no processed foods or agriculturally farmed foods, high in fiber and phytochemicals, and devoid of processed sugars, all of which contribute to the fact that the Hadza experience almost no autoimmune diseases, obesity, diabetes, colon cancer, Crohn’s disease, and other chronic ailments. This is very unlike our modern Western diets which are often low in fiber and phytochemicals, and high in refined carbohydrates, processed foods, unhealthy fats, and contain high levels of sugar.

A third factor in the robust and healthy gut microbiomes of the Hadza people is that they do not live in “sterile environments.” They don’t just admire nature, but interact with it. They are in constant contact with the earth, walking barefoot, working or digging in the ground and with animals when they hunt. So we can increase our contact with our environment by growing indoor and outdoor plants, tending gardens, and through being outside with our families and pets.

A similar study was conducted in Venezuela with the Yanomami tribe. It was found that they had a 50% greater microbial diversity than the average American. They too were hunter-gatherers with a diet high in plant foods. So it seems that the farther away a person’s diet gets from our modern western diet, the more diverse the range of microbes in our intestines. This includes a number of bacteria that are completely missing from the modern American gut. Clearly, a person’s diet plays a major role in the gut microbiome.

The modern Western diet is largely deficient in fiber and high in processed junk, fat, refined sugars, and refined carbohydrates. The research strongly suggests that this diet is effectively wiping out many bacterial species from our digestive tracts.

Surprisingly, the Hadza microbiome fluctuated over the course of the year depending upon the specific season of the year. During the long dry periods, the Hadza people eat considerably more meat, much like a Westerner. Some species of bacteria prevalent during the wet seasons disappeared or their numbers fell to an undetectable level, similar to that seen when analyzing the Western microbiome. During the wet seasons, these missing microbes return.

So cutting the amount of fat, processed food, processed carbohydrates and processed sugars, and having a high fiber diet and interacting with the natural environment may be the vital keys to having a healthy, diverse microbiome that greatly improves the overall health of the microbiome, body and mind.

Sources: vitalplan.com/blogs/blog/the-6-secrets-of-the-hadza-tribe-what-we-can-learn-about-health-and-longevity; ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK154100; Britannica.com/science/human-microbiome#Overview

Friends in the Sky

by

Nature! Open the door, step outside, and you’re in it, except that just what you’re in will depend on where you live. And that will determine what you see—that is, during the daytime. When the shades of night fall, if one can escape the bright city lights, it suddenly doesn’t matter whether the countryside is desolate or lush, humdrum or impressive. Upon gazing upward on a crisp, clear night one cannot but realize that words are inadequate to describe the grandeur of the stars, constellations, moon, and planets in the heavens above us.

But what do you see? And what do you hear? Do you have just a hazy, impressionistic idea of what is really up there or do you have a positive, distinct appreciation of the heavenly bodies? Do they speak to you in a language you can understand? Do you enjoy astronomy for the delight it really is, even if you don’t have a telescope or binoculars?

Star Friends

There is certainly a benefit to making friends with the stars and planets. They will always be there, wherever you are, and there is more to astronomy than just learning facts about this or that star or planet. They have their lessons for us as well, talking to us even though “there is no speech nor language.”

The stars, for instance, teach us the constancy and upholding power of their Creator. On a clear, moonless night, there are about 2,000 stars visible to the naked eye, all keeping their places, whether the North Star, the Big Dipper pointing to it, or the Southern Cross for those “down under.” By simple obedience to the laws of the universe, they maintain their appointed positions, shedding their light to gladden worlds without number.

As the earth rotates beneath these stars, they appear to curve through the sky in circles, completing their paths each 24 hours (really 23 hours and 56 minutes). This becomes obvious when one faces north. The North Star stays stationary, and should you watch for several hours you would see all the rest of the stars and constellations rotate in circles around it. As you take note of stars more and more directly overhead (and thus farther and farther southward), you find that they make bigger and bigger circles, until these circles start dipping below the northern terrain and start rising and setting like the sun.

As you continue to lift your gaze farther aloft, you find that the stars you are looking at rise and set farther and farther south on the horizon, until you get to those on the celestial equator which passes directly over our earth’s equator. By now, you had better either turn around, or have a very supple neck, because these stars pass to the south of those of us who live in the Northern Hemisphere, though they rise due east and set due west.

All the stars will always rise, pass over, and set in exactly the same place, but will rise and set at different times depending on the season of the year. Accordingly, we look for Orion during wintertime, because during that time of year it rises and is up in the sky during the night. Orion is still there during the summer, but it rises and sets with the sun, and therefore cannot be seen above the brightness of a summer day.

Our Creator must have been trying to tell us something about Himself when He said, “Lift up your eyes on high, and see who has created these things, who brings out their host by number; He calls them all by name, by the greatness of His might and the strength of His power; not one is missing.” Isaiah 40:26

Planet Friends

Wandering among the stationary* stars, we find the five visible planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, as well as the Sun. Though these by no means stay in the same place, they do teach us about keeping appointments because that is what they do. The appointment book in this case is the almanac, which tells you (not them) when and where to look for each one. If you know this, you can keep your end of the appointment by being there to look for each planet as it appears. As the planets and the sun move through the heavens, wandering among the stars, they all follow one common line called the ecliptic. If you go out at the same time on successive nights, you can note their movement along this line. Mercury and Venus remain close to the sun, traveling with it over the course of the year. Depending on their relative positions, they will always be seen just before sunrise or just after sunset, as morning or evening stars. On the other hand, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn travel in their own way and at their own rate and may happen to be visible at any time during the night. The fact that they are all along one line is also very helpful in finding these heavenly bodies that do not twinkle as the stars do. …

Why not make friends with the stars and planets? Watch them. Listen to them. By the way, April should be a nice time to see the planets in the morning. During the last week of the month get up early and step out into a spring dawn. If you have a low enough eastern horizon, you will see Venus, the morning star, just above it. Then as you follow the line of the ecliptic which slants sharply to your right, if the sky is still dark enough, you may be able to see Mercury, then Mars, and lastly Saturn overhead, all these planets keeping their appointments. Will you keep yours? Mark your calendar, step outside and look up. Why have only anacquaintance, with the heavens. Stop to listen, and continue to make friends in the sky.

What though in solemn silence all

Move round the dark terrestrial ball?

What though no real voice nor sound

Amid their radiant orbs be found?

In reason’s ear they all rejoice

And utter forth a glorious voice,

Forever singing as they shine,

The Hand That Made Us Is Divine —                          Joseph Addison, 1712

 

*Although we say stars are stationary, they really do move slowly both in relation to each other and to our view on earth as a whole.

From The Journal of Health and Healing, Vol. 15, No. 3, Mark Chuljian, CTL, HEW, 28, 29