Again the Son of God was seized with superhuman agony, and, fainting and exhausted, He staggered back to the place of His former struggle. His suffering was even greater than before. Only a short time before, Christ had poured out His soul in songs of praise in unfaltering accents, as one who was conscious of His Sonship to God. He had spoken to His disciples in words of tenderness and love. Now His voice came to them on the still evening air, not in tones of triumph, but full of human anguish. So lately He had been serene in His majesty, He had been like a mighty cedar; now He was as a broken reed. The words of the Saviour were borne to the ears of the drowsy disciples, ‘O My Father, if this cup may not pass away from Me, except I drink it, Thy will be done.’ ” The Signs of the Times, December 2, 1897
A dictionary definition of agony is “pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body; extreme pain of body or mind, appropriately the pangs of death; violent contest or striving.” Jesus suffered in His human body and mind. “The temptations of Christ, and His sufferings under them, were proportionate to His exalted, sinless character. But in every time of distress, Christ turned to His Father. He ‘resisted unto blood’ in that hour when the fear of moral failure was as the fear of death.” Selected Messages, Book 3, 131. Christ was not afraid to die for us. His fear was that He would fail, thus becoming an imperfect sacrifice. This was the devil’s intended purpose as he exerted all of his evil power against the humanity of Christ—a moral failure, an imperfect sacrifice, the plan of salvation ruined.
“Hear that agonized prayer of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane! While the disciples were sleeping beneath the spreading branches of the olive trees, the Son of man—a Man of sorrows and acquainted with grief—was prostrate upon the cold earth. As the agony of soul came upon Him, large blood drops were forced from His pores, and with the falling dew moistened the sods of Gethsemane … .” The Signs of the Times, December 2, 1897. Notice the adjectives that Mrs. White uses—fear, sorrow, grief, agony of soul—all feelings of the mind.
“Christ was now standing in a different attitude from that in which He had ever stood before. Hitherto He had been as an intercessor for others; now He longs for an intercessor for Himself. In His soul anguish, He lay prostrate upon the cold earth. Christ had suffered insult at the hands of the men whom He came to bless and save; He had been charged with being linked with Beelzebub, that His miracles of healing were wrought through satanic agencies; but these things did not cause Him the intense agony of soul He was now suffering. He was bearing the penalty of transgression for a sinful world. This proceeded not from Satan nor from man. It is best described in the words of the prophet, ‘Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, and against the Man that is My fellow, saith the Lord of hosts.’ Christ was realizing His Father’s frown. He was now suffering under divine justice. He saw what justice meant. He felt that as man’s substitute and surety He must be bound to the altar. He had taken the cup of suffering from the lips of guilty men, and proposed to drink it Himself, and in its place give to men the cup of blessing.” Ibid. This is what Jesus did for us. He took the cup that was ours, and said, I will drink it for you. And in its place, He offers His own to us. He took the curse, and gives us the blessing.
“Satan urged upon Christ all the force of his temptations. He presented before Him that the sin of the world, so offensive to God, was chastisement too great. He would never again be looked upon as pure and holy and undefiled, as God’s only-begotten Son. He had Himself become a sinner, and would suffer the penalty of sin. The wrath that would have fallen upon man, was now to fall upon Him.” Ibid.
We cannot comprehend this kind of temptation.
“Christ sojourned thirty-three years in this world, and how was He treated? The world disowned Him, scorned Him, and pronounced sentence against Him in the judgment hall, and, as agents of the prince of darkness, acted out his spirit in putting Christ to death. It was the worst that humanity could do. It was unrequited love that broke the heart of the Son of God.” The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials, 176
The heart of Jesus was broken because those whom He loved so dearly did not love Him in return.
“The Son of God placed Himself in the sinner’s stead, and passed over the ground where Adam fell, and endured the temptation in the wilderness which was a hundredfold stronger than was or ever will be brought to bear upon the human race.” Manuscript Releases, Vol. 5, 112
What a contrast between His temptations and ours! Divine love was the foundation of Jesus’ human spiritual nature, and it was because of love that His human spiritual nature was free from every taint of sin. We find not one seed of selfishness in His human nature. When He was tempted in all points like as we are, His own desire for the removal of suffering was a hundredfold stronger than fallen man will ever be called upon to experience.
In the Wilderness – Appetite
Christ faced three specific temptations. “In the wilderness of temptation, Christ met the great leading temptations that would assail man. … The first great temptation was upon appetite; the second, presumption; the third, love of the world.” Testimonies, Vol. 4, 44
“Appetite and passion, the love of the world, and presumptuous sins, were the great branches of evil out of which every species of crime, violence, and corruption grew.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 280
Appetite is “a natural desire to satisfy a bodily need” or “a strong desire or liking for something.” Appetite typically refers to food or drink, but appetite can also refer to a strong desire and/or emotion, an eagerness or longing such as we see in love, sexual passion, anger, the desire for wealth and fame, envy and covetousness, addictions, and the desire for power and control. This type of appetite is directed toward something or someone. Passion does not exist without an object on which to focus it.
There are two kinds of appetite—natural and artificial. Jesus inherited natural appetites. Artificial appetites are cultivated. Appetite was the first temptation Jesus faced in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1–3). “When Christ bore the test of temptation upon the point of appetite, He did not stand in beautiful Eden, as did Adam, with the light and love of God seen in everything His eye rested upon. But He was in a barren, desolate wilderness, surrounded with wild beasts.” The Review and Herald, August 4, 1874
“Our Saviour fasted nearly six weeks, that He might gain for man the victory upon the point of appetite.”
“He knew that appetite would be man’s idol, and would lead him [man] to forget God, and would stand directly in the way of his salvation.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 284
“He [the devil] put forth his strongest efforts to overcome Christ on the point of appetite at a time when He was enduring the keenest pangs of hunger.” The Review and Herald, March 18, 1875
Some time ago, a health reformer wrote a book on fasting. He stated that 40 days appears to be the maximum amount of time that a human being can fast without sustaining lasting damage to the body. Jesus fasted for 40 days. More recently, the medical community says that fasting for more than three days without medical supervision is neither safe nor advisable.
When a person fasts for a few days, drinking plenty of water, the feeling of hunger dissipates. But if a person fasts for weeks, the hunger pangs return worse than before. In the first three days, the body will use up all of the glucose stored in the liver for energy. After that, the liver will begin to process body fat (ketosis). When the body fat has been depleted, the body enters the starvation stage during which it begins to “mine” the muscles and other vital organs for energy. Death from starvation typically results once 40-50% of the person’s original weight has been lost, within approximately 60-70 days. Those with a greater amount of body fat can last longer. (Source: wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strike#Medical_view)
So, we can see that at the end of Jesus’ 40-day fast in the wilderness, He had already passed the stage where His liver had used up all the glucose it had stored, processed all His body fat, and He was now in the starvation stage. His body had begun to mine His muscles and vital organs for the energy to stay alive, and He was experiencing the keenest pangs of hunger. It was at this point that the devil came to Him.
Jesus experienced a hunger—a terrible power of temptation, and the drawing of desire—that we will never be asked to experience. Did Jesus desire something to eat after fasting 40 days? The power of appetite is determined by the degree of hunger and Jesus experienced the maximum degree of hunger that it is possible for a human being to have and not have permanent damage in the body.
The degree of extreme hunger that Jesus experienced far exceeded the craving desires of a drug addict, a smoker, an alcoholic, a glutton, or a person who is or has been a slave of any other vice. No one who has been a slave to appetite no matter the form it takes, can say that Jesus cannot understand how they feel. “The victory gained was designed, not only to set an example to those who have fallen under the power of appetite, but to qualify the Redeemer for His special work of reaching to the very depths of human woe.” The Review and Herald, March 18, 1875
We have a Saviour who wants to save and who is uniquely qualified to save everyone to the uttermost, even those who dwell at the very bottom of the pit of sin. When Christ was tempted on the point of appetite, He reached to the very depths of human woe.
“By experiencing in Himself the strength of Satan’s temptation, and of human sufferings and infirmities, He would know how to succor [help] those who should put forth efforts to help themselves.” Ibid.
When the devil came to Jesus in this first temptation, he assumed the form of an angel of light to deceive Jesus. He attempted to make Jesus believe that he was a messenger from the throne of God sent to lend aid and to tell Him that His fast was over.
“If You are the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread,” Satan taunted Jesus. Jesus could have spoken a word and it would have been done. But if He had, it would have broken the agreement He had made with His Father that while on earth as a man, He would never work a divine miracle for His own benefit making void the plan of salvation. Furthermore, He would have been accepting the devil’s statement of doubt, “If … .” You and I cannot speak and stones become bread, but Jesus could and because He could, it made the temptation to use His divine power to prove that He was the Son of God more powerful than any temptation that you or I will ever face.
In the Wilderness – Presumption
“The second temptation was on the point of presumption.” Sermons and Talks, Vol. 2, 218
“Only He who has true faith is secure against presumption. For presumption is Satan’s counterfeit of faith. Faith claims God’s promises, and brings forth fruit in obedience. Presumption also claims the promises, but uses them as Satan did, to excuse transgression. Faith would have led our first parents to trust the love of God, and to obey His commands. Presumption led them to transgress His law, believing that His great love would save them from the consequence of their sin.” The Desire of Ages, 126
Still today—6,000 years of sin later—millions of people believe that they can go through their lives sinning, but never overcoming, and God will save them anyway because He loves mankind so much He couldn’t bear to let anyone die. And they would be right that God loves man and that it was never His plan that anyone should die. But for the soul that sins, death is still the penalty, and no matter how much God loves the human race, He does not change, therefore, neither can His law be changed.
“It is not faith that claims the favor of heaven without complying with the conditions on which mercy is to be granted. Genuine faith has its foundation in the promises and provisions of the Scriptures.” Ibid.
True faith is based on trusting God, claiming His promises, and allowing His grace to work in the life to keep the believer from falling. Presumption is based on doubt and unbelief. It, too, claims God’s promises, but uses them to excuse transgression. Presumption believes that His love is greater than His justice and that God did not really mean that the soul that sins will die. But God says what He means and means what He says. Inspiration tells us that this is a hard lesson for man to learn.
Again, the devil approached Jesus as an angel of light. He took Jesus into the holy city up on the pinnacle of the temple, and, throwing doubt as to who Jesus really is, he said, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down. For it is written: ‘He shall give His angels charge over You,’ and ‘In their hands they shall bear You up, lest You dash Your foot against a stone.’ ” Matthew 4:6
Satan quoted a Bible promise. Well, he quoted part of the promise, but not all of it.
“For He shall give His angels charge over you, to keep you in all your ways.” Psalm 91:11
“In all Your ways”—in other words, according to God’s way. “The wily foe himself presents words that proceeded from the mouth of God. … he makes it evident that he is acquainted with the Scriptures … .
“When he quoted the promise, ‘He shall give His angels charge over Thee,’ he omitted the words, ‘to keep Thee in all Thy ways’: that is, in all the ways of God’s choosing. Jesus refused to go outside the path of obedience. … He would not force Providence to come to His rescue, and thus fail of giving man an example of trust and submission.” The Truth About Angels, 174, 175
Jesus’ response—found in Deuteronomy 6:16—to Satan was, “ ‘It is written again, You shall not tempt the Lord thy God.’ ” These words were spoken by Moses to the children of Israel when they thirsted in the desert, and demanded that Moses should give them water, exclaiming, “ ‘Is the Lord among us, or not?’ ” Exodus 17:7. God had wrought marvelously for them; yet in trouble they doubted Him, and demanded evidence that He was with them. In their unbelief, they sought to put Him to the test, and Satan was urging Christ to do the same thing.
When John the Baptist baptized Jesus, the Bible says that when He came up out of the water, the heavens opened and the Spirit like a dove descended upon Him. A voice spoke from heaven saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” Matthew 3:17
After His baptism, the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness, where He was tempted for 40 days. This particular temptation—presumption—was a parallel of the experience of ancient Israel when in their unbelief they tempted God. “God had already testified that Jesus was His Son; and now to ask for proof that He was the Son of God would be putting God’s word to the test—tempting Him. And the same would be true of asking for that which God had not promised. It would manifest distrust, and be really proving, or tempting, Him.” The Desire of Ages, 126
Temptation is a test to prove something. “We should not present our petitions to God to prove whether He will fulfill His word, but because He will fulfill it; not to prove that He loves us, but because He loves us. ‘Without faith it is impossible to please Him: for he that cometh to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him.’ Hebrews 11:6.” Ibid.
Jesus did not yield to either of the first two wilderness temptations, but He knew that we would.
“… through no class of temptations does he [Satan] achieve greater success than through those addressed to the appetite. If he can control the appetite, he can control the whole man.” Temperance, 276
“If Satan cannot prevent persons from exercising faith, he will try to lead them to presume upon the willingness and power of God, by placing themselves unnecessarily in the way of temptation. Presumption is a most common temptation, and as Satan assails men with this, he obtains the victory nine times out of ten.” The Signs of the Times, September 29, 1887
Every Christian needs to study the subject of presumption because we are all in a fight that the devil wins 90% of the time. If we are to win in this fight, then we must be studying and praying to strengthen our offense in the fight.
In the Wilderness – Pride
Having failed with the first and second temptations, Satan changed things up for the third. Interestingly, he no longer attempted to deceive Jesus by coming as an angel of light sent from the throne of God. Throwing off the disguise he used in the first two temptations, he came to Jesus as himself. Then he took Jesus up on a high mountain, a vantage point from which all the kingdoms of the world could be seen. All of these are mine, he said, but I will give them to You “if You will fall down and worship me.” Matthew 4:9
Satan came to Jesus claiming to be the rightful ruler of the world, willing to confer this honor on Jesus if He would simply bow down and acknowledge that Satan had the authority to do as he promised. Absolute blasphemy! How this must have stung the heart of Christ. Jesus had already defeated Satan in heaven. Satan was the ruler of nothing but evil. However, here in this world in the guise of fallen humanity, He now stands confronted by His chief adversary and the enemy of man, this boastful fiend who so successfully usurps Christ’s place in the hearts of all mankind.
“In the first two great temptations Satan had not revealed his true purposes or his character. He claimed to be an exalted messenger from the courts of heaven, but he now throws off his disguise. In a panoramic view he presented before Christ all the kingdoms of the world in the most attractive light, while he claimed to be the prince of the world.
“This last temptation was the most alluring of the three. …
“The eye of Jesus for a moment rested upon the glory presented before Him; but He turned away and refused to look upon the entrancing spectacle. He would not endanger His steadfast integrity by dallying with the tempter. When Satan solicited homage, Christ’s divine indignation was aroused, and He could no longer tolerate the blasphemous assumption of Satan, or even permit him to remain in His presence. Here Christ exercised His divine authority.” Selected Messages, Book 1, 285, 286
Does that last sentence give you pause? There are many statements in the Spirit of Prophecy that tell us that Jesus, in His humanity, exercised no power on His own behalf that is not freely available to us. But this seems to suggest that divine power is available to us when we face temptations. (See Christ’s Object Lessons, 333.)
“By which have been given to us exceedingly great and precious promises, that through these you may be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.” 2 Peter 1:4
“Therefore submit to God. Resist the devil and he will flee from you.” James 4:7
“Placing Jesus upon a high mountain, Satan caused the kingdoms of the world, in all their glory, to pass in panoramic view before Him. The sunlight lay on templed cities, marble palaces, fertile fields, and fruit-laden vineyards. The traces of evil were hidden. The eyes of Jesus, so lately greeted by gloom and desolation, now gazed upon a scene of unsurpassed loveliness and prosperity. Then the tempter’s voice was heard: ‘All this power will I give Thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it. If Thou therefore wilt worship me, all shall be Thine.’ ” The Desire of Ages, 129
“The strength of this temptation to the Saviour was greater than the human mind can understand.” The Review and Herald, May 14, 1908
“Satan brought all his strength to bear upon this last temptation, for this last effort was to decide his destiny as to who should be victor.” Ibid., September 1, 1874
Satan knew that if he was to win the great controversy, it had to be at that moment. He had to overcome Christ in His humanity, or he would be overcome. “This was the most subtle and overpowering temptation that Satan could bring against Christ in His human nature to unsettle His faith in His heavenly Father and to separate Him from God.” Manuscript Releases, Vol. 18, 86
Jesus gazed upon the kingdoms of the world for but a moment, then He turned to Satan and said, “ ‘Away with you, Satan! For it is written, “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.” ’ ” Matthew 4:10
Defeated, Satan left, and angels were sent to minister to Christ.
Ultimate Victory
Christ knew who He was and He knew things about His future, but this knowledge brought little peace to His life. “At every opportunity they manifested their bitter opposition against Christ. There was no more peace for Him; for the caviling of His enemies was continual, and their plans to entrap Him abundant.” The Signs of the Times, February 8, 1899
As He was our substitute and surety, all of our guilt and sin was laid upon Him. He was counted as a transgressor that we might be redeemed from the condemnation of the law. Jesus was to bear, on man’s behalf, the indignation and wrath of God against sin and sinners to the cross.
“Now with the terrible weight of guilt He bears, He cannot see the Father’s reconciling face. The withdrawal of the divine countenance from the Saviour in this hour of supreme anguish pierced His heart with a sorrow that can never be fully understood by man.” The Desire of Ages, 753
This was real. It was real when they pulled His beard until patches of it came out. The spit was real. The brutality was real. The crown of thorns was real. The hammer and nails used to nail Him to the cross were real. It was real when they slammed the cross into the ground tearing His flesh. Yet this intense, physical agony was as nothing compared to the mental agony He endured.
“Satan with his fierce temptations wrung the heart of Jesus. The Saviour could not see through the portals of the tomb. Hope did not present to Him His coming forth from the grave a conqueror, or tell Him of the Father’s acceptance of the sacrifice. He feared that sin was so offensive to God that Their separation was to be eternal. Christ felt the anguish which the sinner will feel when mercy shall no longer plead for the guilty race.” Ibid., 754
On the cross, Christ felt the horror of the people who will die the second death—absolute aloneness, total and eternal separation from God.
The sense of sin and the Father’s wrath were real and they broke Jesus’ heart. Jesus knew the sorrow and suffering that He would endure, and still He took each step to Calvary. Friends, there is coming a time when, because of our faith and love for God, we will experience suffering, scorn, rejection, and imprisonment, even death, but no mortal man will experience it to the degree that our Lord did.
“Christ’s mission could be fulfilled only through suffering. Before Him was a life of sorrow, hardship, and conflict, and an ignominious death. He must bear the sins of the world. He must endure separation from the Father’s love. … Christ might deliver Himself from the dreadful future by acknowledging the supremacy of Satan. But to do this was to yield the victory in the great controversy. It was in seeking to exalt himself above the Son of God that Satan had sinned in heaven. Should he prevail now, it would be the triumph of rebellion.” The Desire of Ages, 129
This last temptation was the most alluring of the three because Satan was offering Jesus a way out. No Gethsemane, no Calvary. Just an admission that He and God had been wrong when they threw him and his followers out of heaven. An acknowledgement that he was worthy of the praise and worship that he so craved, worthy of a seat next to the throne of God. It was just a simple thing.
“ ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.’ ” Matthew 4:10, last part
Jesus “who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.” Hebrews 12:2
What is this joy? That His love for us is returned, that we accept His salvation, and offer Him His rightful place in our hearts.
Never let it be said of us that “Christ pleaded, He invited; but His love was unrequited by the people He came to save.” Testimonies, Vol. 4, 189
Let us be part of the few in this world who go up the narrow road that leads to everlasting life and show to our Saviour the love that He has shown to us.
Pastor John J. Grosboll is Director of Steps to Life and pastors the Prairie Meadows Church in Wichita, Kansas. He may be contacted by email at historic@stepstolife.org, or by telephone at 316-788-5559.